Kholmogory ʻano bipi: ka wehewehe ʻana, ka waiū a me ka huahana ʻiʻo, ka ʻāina o ka hāʻawi ʻana

ʻO ka pua bipi ʻo Kholmogory ka ʻohana waiu ʻohana kahiko loa. I ka wā i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai, ua kau ʻia ka manaʻo nui i ka nui o ka waiū i loaʻa, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka momona.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻano Kholmogory i puka mai i ka makahiki ʻumikumamāhiku. Hōʻike nā kumu palapala i ka moku Dvina, aia ma ka ʻāina o ka moku Arkhangelsk i kēia manawa. Ma laila, ma ka ʻākau o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rūsia, ua ulu ikaika ka mahiʻai holoholona i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia ʻumikumamāono.

ʻO Arkhangelsk kekahi o nā awa kūʻai nui o ka ʻāina, a ua komo pū i ke kālepa honua. Ma o ia mea i hana nui ai ka ia, ka waiu, a me ka pipi ola. He mea nui kokua i ka hooulu ana i ka hanai holoholona ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ke kahawai o ka muliwai ʻo Dvina ʻĀkau, ua waiwai nui i ka wai, a e ʻai ana nā pipi ma luna o lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa i nā bipi ka mauʻu he nui. I kēlā manawa, ua māhele ʻia ke kala o nā pipi kūloko i ʻekolu kala:

• eleʻele;
• keʻokeʻo;
• ʻeleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu, lawe ʻia nā pipi ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo mai Holani. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hele ʻia me ka ʻano Kholmogory, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano o nā holoholona. Ma waena o ka ʻumikūmāwalu a i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa Ua lawe hou ia mai na holoholona mai Holani mai i keia wahi, i loko o ia mau mea he kanalima bipi oi aku.

ʻO kekahi ho'āʻo e hoʻololi i nā ʻano o ka pua i hana ʻia i ka makahiki iwakālua. Mai ka makahiki 1936 a hiki i ka makahiki 1937, ma kekahi mau mahiʻai, ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hele i ka ʻohana bipi Kholmogory me ka Ostfriz. ʻO ke kumu o ka hele ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waiū a hoʻomaikaʻi i waho. Eia naʻe, ua hāʻule kēia hoʻāʻo ʻana ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka momona o ka waiū.

I nā makahiki kanawalu, e hoʻoponopono i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā bipi o ka ʻohana Holstein, nona ka aina hanau hou o Holani. I ka manawa like, ua hānai ʻia nā ʻano intrabreed no nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻāina:

• Waena – no ka hapa waena o Rusia;
• ʻĀkau - no ka moku Arkhangelsk;
• Pechorsky - no ka Repubalika Komi.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1985, aia ma luna o 2,2 miliona mau poʻo ma ka ʻāina. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1999, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā poʻo Kholmogory i kahi kokoke i 2,4 miliona. ʻO ka hopena, ua helu ʻia ka pua Kholmogory no 8,7% o ka nui o nā pipi waiu ma ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona nui ka mea i hiki i ka pua ke lawe i ka ʻehā ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā helu holoholona.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻano bipi Kholmogory e hānai iā Istobenskaya a me Tagilskaya.

Description

ʻO waho a me nā ana maʻamau o nā bipi

Loaʻa i nā bipi o ka ʻohana Kholmogory kahi kala ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, mālama ʻia ka ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me ka ʻulaʻula. Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe ma Kholmogorskaya, hiki ke ʻike i kahi ulu kiʻekiʻe. He ikaika loa ke kumukanawai o kona mau lunamakaainana. ʻO ke kino o nā bipi he elongated maʻamau, hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻano angular. ʻO ke aho o ke kua o ka holoholona, ​​a me ka laina o ka pūhaka, ua like. bipi he umauma hohonu a haiki, loaʻa kahi dewlap liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻāʻī o nā bipi, he ākea loa. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki ka sacrum. He iwi ikaika ko keia mau bipi. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā wāwae o nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai aia nā ʻokoʻa.

He awelika ka nui o ka pipi, he ʻano kīʻaha a poepoe paha. Hoʻoulu like ʻia nā ʻudder lobes, he cylindrical nā nipples.

He ʻiʻo paʻa loa nā bipi. ʻO ka ʻili holoholona, ​​he lahilahi a ʻeleʻele.

Ua ʻike ʻia mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā pipi nui, nona ka ʻano Kholmogory, ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka waiū kiʻekiʻe.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili helu, ʻo nā ana awelika o nā bipi o ka ʻohana Kholmogory:

• ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo - a hiki i 135 cm;
• ka hohonu o ka umauma - a hiki i 72 cm;
• oblique kino lōʻihi - a hiki i 162 knm;
• ka pale umauma - a hiki i 198 cm;
• ka laulā lima - a hiki i 20 cm.

ʻO ka hana waiu a me ka ʻiʻo

ʻO nā bipi o ka ʻohana Kholmogory kaena nui i ka hana waiu i ka wā lactation, a hiki i 3500 kg. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka momona o ka waiū ma ka awelika 3,6 - 3,7%.

ʻO ka awelika kaumaha o ka bipi makua he 480 kg. Hiki i nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa o ka pua ke kaena i ke kaumaha a hiki i 550 kg.

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka bipi o ka pua Kholmogory ma kahi o 900 kg, a ma kekahi mau mea hiki ke paona ke kaumaha ma mua o 1200 kg.

ʻO ka hopena o ka luku, e like me nā helu, he 53%, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka momona, hiki ke hiki i 65%.

Hānau nui ʻia ka ulu ʻōpio. Hiki i ka nui o ka bipi wahine ke hiki i 35 kg, a me ka bipi - a hiki i 39 kg.

Manaʻo ʻia he ʻoluʻolu ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana. No laila, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā kānaka he 18 mahina ma kahi o 350 kg.

ʻO ia mau hōʻailona o nā ʻano ʻiʻo e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka pua Kholmogory o nā bipi ʻaʻole wale i ka waiū maʻemaʻe, akā e like me ka waiū a me ka ʻiʻo. Me ka momona maikaʻi o nā bipi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka luku ʻana i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma mua o ka hapalua o ka nui o ka holoholona.

nā wahi hānau

Ua hānai ʻia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka pua Kholmogory a puni ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻike nui ʻia ka hānai ʻana o nā bipi Kholmogory ma ka ʻāina o 24 mau ʻāina a me nā repubalika o ka ʻāina. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā pua maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, Ryazan, Kalinin, Kaluga, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Vologda, Kamchatka, ma ka Repubalika o Komi, Udmurtia, Yakutia, Tatarstan.

Nā ʻano maikaʻi

Ma waena o nā pono o ka pua Kholmogory:

• kiʻekiʻe o ka waiū;
• hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ola i nā kūlana climatic paʻakikī;
• maikaʻi acclimatization;
• hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanawanui;
• ke kū'ē nui i nā maʻi weliweli;
• maikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻai.

keakea

Ma waena o nā hemahema o ka ʻohana Kholmogory o nā bipi hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka emi nui o ka waiū a me ka ʻiʻo ma na wahi hema. I kekahi mau kumu, ʻike ʻia kahi pahu haiki a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻole ʻana o nā lālā he hemahema, akā paʻapaʻa kēia mau mea.

ʻO ke kūlana o ka lehulehu i kēia manawa

Ke hoʻomau nei ke koho i kēia manawa. ʻO kāna mau wahi nui:

• hoʻonui i ka hana waiu;
• hoʻonui i ka momona o ka waiū;
• hoʻomaikaʻi kino.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻano bipi Kholmogory noho i kahi mea nui ma waena o nā mea maʻamau ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia. Aia ka waiwai o ka pua i ka nui o ka waiū, hoʻonui i ka momona o ka waiū, a me nā ʻano ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa.