He aha ka hana inā nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo?

ʻO ka pilikia o ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo no nā ʻīlio

No nā lālā o ka ʻohana Hymenoptera (hymenoptera) ka nui o nā nahu pepeke: nā nalo, nā nalo, nā bumblebees a me nā hornets.

Ma ke kaʻina o ke kuʻi ʻana, waiho ka nalo i kahi ʻona i loko o ke kino o ka holoholona, ​​a me kahi ʻeke ʻawaʻawa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻaʻole nahu. He mau āwae ikaika ko nā nahu a me nā pū, hiki iā lākou ke nahu me lākou, e hōʻeha nui i ka ʻīlio i ka wā e nahu ai.

Aia i loko o ka mea make o kēia mau inike nā mea hana biologically: histamine, hyaluronidase, melittin, kinins, phospholipase a me polyamines.

Ma muli o ka hana o ka histamine, loaʻa kahi hopena maʻi, edema, hoʻonui ʻia nā kīʻaha koko a hāʻule ke koko, a ʻike ʻia ka bronchospasm.

ʻO nā kinins a me ka hyaluronidase nā enzymes e alakaʻi i nā hopena kūloko.

ʻO ka Melittin kahi mea make ʻino loa. Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ia i nā kaʻina metabolic, hoʻonāukiuki i ka luku ʻana i nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (erythrocytes), a me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ia i ka permeability o nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko.

ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe a pau ma hope o ka ʻū ʻana o ka nalo i kekahi, make kēia mau ʻiniko.

Hiki i nā nahu i nā manawa he nui a nahu pū me ko lākou āwae, me ka ʻeha nui ma ka wahi nahu o nā ʻīlio.

ʻAʻohe notches o ka ʻūhā o nā bumblebees a me nā hornets, a hiki i kēia ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. ʻO ka pōʻino o nā hornet ka mea hiki iā lākou ke nahu i nā lua i nā hua a lākou e hānai ai. Hiki ke hāʻule i loko o ka waha o ka ʻīlio me ka hua.

Inā nahu ka nalo (a i ʻole nā ​​pepeke ʻē aʻe) i ka ʻīlio ma ke poʻo, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena.

Inā ʻo ka ʻiniko i ka lālā, ʻike ka ʻīlio i ka ʻeha kūloko, me ka ʻole o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ke ola o ka ʻīlio ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana o kahi pūʻulu nalo a i ʻole nā ​​​​nalo i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Inā nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka hornet a i ʻole ka bumblebee, a laila pono kēia e mālama koke.

Kōkua mua inā nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo

Mai hopohopo a hoʻopau i ka manawa koʻikoʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana e hāʻawi i ke kōkua mua i kāu pipi!

E noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i nā mea e pono ai ka mea nona ka hana inā nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo, ka nalo, ka nalo, ka bumblebee.

Manaʻo ʻia e hana e like me kēia algorithm:

1. E huli i ka uʻi a wehe i ka stinger inā he kuʻi pi. Mālama kēia i ke komo hou ʻana o ka lāʻau make i loko o ke kino o ka ʻīlio. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kēia me nā tweezers i ʻole e wāwahi i ka ʻeke make. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka mea paʻahana me ka waiʻona. Inā ʻaʻohe ou tweezers ma ka lima, e hoʻāʻo e wehe i ke kohu me kahi nila humuhumu a pine paha (e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana!).

2. E mālama i ka wahi nahu me kahi hopena antiseptic. Hiki iā ia ke hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine solution, calendula tincture. Hiki ke holoi ʻia me kahi hopena palupalu o ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole ke kopa a me ka wai.

3. E hana i ka mea anu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noi no 10-15 mau minuke i kahi lole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wai maʻemaʻe anuanu. ʻO ka hau a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeke o nā meaʻai maʻalahi mai ka friji e hana, e uhi wale iā lākou i ke kāwele ma mua. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻeha o ka ʻīlio a pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka pehu nui ma kahi o ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo.

4. Pili i ka hamo. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻeha a hōʻemi i ka pehu, Fenistil Gel, hydrocortisone ointment 1%, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Advantan i ka wahi nahu.

5. Hāʻawi i kahi antihistamine. Inā loaʻa kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau home - Zirtek, Cetrin, Suprastin, Tavegil - hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka ʻīlio. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā dosages no ke kaumaha o kāu pipi ma ke kāhea ʻana i kāu kauka holoholona. Me nā hopena allergy kūloko, lawa kahi ʻano papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka papa o ke komo ʻana mai 1 a 5 mau lā.

Nā pilikia i hiki

Paʻakikī kekahi mau puaʻa me ka make pi (apitoxin), e komo i loko o ko lākou kino ke ʻū ʻia e ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio ma muli o ka nui o ka lāʻau make i komo i loko o ke kino a me ka naʻau o kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Pāʻani

Ke nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo a i ʻole nā ​​pepeke ʻē aʻe, hiki mai ka hopena maʻi kūloko a i ʻole maʻamau.

Nā hōʻailona o ka hopena allergy kūloko:

• ʻO ka pehu a me ka ʻili ma ka wahi nahu.

• ʻO ka salivation nui (salivation).

• Lachrymation a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana (serous) mai ka ihu.

• Hanu hana.

• ʻeha ʻoi.

• Kūleʻa.

• Nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

Kōkua i ka holoholona: Inā nahu ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hahai ʻia ka algorithm i wehewehe ʻia ma ka home. Inā ʻaʻohe hoʻomaikaʻi, pono ʻoe e hele i ke keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau kokoke loa a kelepona paha i ke kauka ma ka home.

Nā hōʻailona o kahi hopena maʻi āpau:

• ʻO kahi ʻūhū (urticaria) i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lauoho

• Hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka nahu ʻana i ke alelo, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, inā ua komo ka insect i ka waha. ʻO ka pehu nui e alakaʻi i ka hanu hanu

• Haʻalulu anaphylactic. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻike ʻana mai kekahi mau minuke a 5 mau hola mai ka manawa o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka allergen (insect venom). ʻO ka hopohopo, ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū, ka haʻalulu.

Kōkua i ka holoholona: Me ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi ʻano allergy ākea, pono ke kōkua koke me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau injectable. He mea pono e loaʻa i nā ampoules o Diphenhydramine, Dexamethasone (a i ʻole Prednisolone), Adrenaline i loko o ka hale lāʻau lapaʻau home ma mua i kēlā hihia.

Ke hana nei ka mea lapaʻau e like me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana:

1. ʻO ka haʻalulu uila: 1 ml o ka epinephrine (Epiniphrine) i hui pū ʻia me 9 ml o ka paʻakai (0,9% sterile sodium chloride solution) a lawelawe ʻia me ka intravenously ma kahi ʻano o 0,1 ml / kg.

2. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine) 1 mg/kg intramuscularly a i ʻole subcutaneously. Wahi a nā hōʻailona 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā.

3. ʻO Dexamethasone a i ʻole Prednisolone (nā corticosteroids pōkole) 0,1-0,2 mg / kg IV a i ʻole IM.

Ke kūpaʻa ka maʻi, mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ma waho. Hōʻike ʻia ka halemai a me ka nānā ʻana no nā holoholona me ka edema koʻikoʻi a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypotension (ke koko haʻahaʻa).

ʻO ka hopena ʻona nui

Aia ia i ka wā e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa, i ka wā e nahu ai ka holoholona i nā ʻiniko he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi. He maʻi hoʻoweliweli i ke ola e make pinepine ai.

symptoms:

• ʻO ke kaumaha, nāwaliwali, ke kuni, hypotension.

• Paleness a hyperemia (ʻulaʻula) o ka mucous membranes.

• ʻO ka pilikia hanu (maʻi hanu).

• ʻO nā maʻi neurological ma ke ʻano o ataxia, hopu, maʻi lolo o ke aʻalolo maka.

• ʻO ka ʻōpū me ke koko.

• ʻO nā maʻi coagulation koko (thrombocytopenia, DIC), petechiae (pinepine hemorrhages ma ka ʻili), ʻike ʻia ke koko ma ke kahua o ka catheter intravenous.

• Arrhythmia.

Kōkua i ka holoholona: Ke nahu ʻia kahi ʻīlio e ka nui o nā iniseti, pono kahi hoʻokipa wikiwiki o ka mea maʻi i ka hale mālama koʻikoʻi, kahi e kuhikuhi koke ʻia ai ka inhalation oxygen, infusion a me ka anti-shock therapy me ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe koko a me ka ECG. ʻO ka wānana ma ia mau hihia mai ka makaʻala i ka maikaʻi ʻole.

He aha ka mea hiki ʻole ke hana?

1. E ho'āʻo e huki i ka maʻi me kou manamana lima.

2. Helu i kahi i nahu ʻia ai ka ʻīlio e ka nalo. Akā, no ka mea paʻakikī kēia e wehewehe i kahi holoholona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana a hoʻokomo i kahi kola pale no kekahi mau lā a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻili.

3. Laʻau ponoʻī me ka lāʻau kuʻuna a hoʻopau i ka manawa makamae.

4. E hānai ikaika i kāu ʻīlio. E lawa ia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai inu.

E hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka pili ʻana me nā pepeke stinging

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake i ka nalo e ʻū i kāu ʻīlio, e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka hele ʻana ma kahi kokoke i ka hale ahi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pūnana nalo i loko o kahi kumulāʻau, e neʻe koke mai kēia wahi. Mai hānai i nā huaʻai a me nā mea ʻai ʻono i kāu pipi ma ka lewa, hiki i ka nalo, nā nalo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke ʻala i ka ʻala a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻīlio.

Inā ū ʻia ka ʻīlio e ka nalo a i ʻole ka nalo - ʻo ka mea nui

1. E hoʻoholo i kahi i ū ʻia ai ka ʻīlio e ka nalo, ka nalo, a i ʻole nā ​​pepeke ʻē aʻe a e hoʻāʻo e wehe koke i ka ʻona (inā he nalo ia) me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino i ka ʻeke make.

2. E noi i kahi antiseptic topical, e hoʻopili i kahi mea anu, a hāʻawi i kahi antihistamine.

3. Mai waiho i ka ʻīlio i nahu ʻia e ka nahu a i ʻole nā ​​iniseti ʻē aʻe me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ma hope o 3-5 mau hola a ʻoi aku paha.

4. Me ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka pehu, ka ʻūhū, ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke kuni, pono ke kipa koke ʻana i ke keʻena lapaʻau holoholona.

Nā pane i nā nīnau e nīnau pinepine ʻia

Sources:

1. D. McIntyre, K. Drobac, W. Saxon, S. Haskinga "Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pilikia a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi", 2013

2. AA Stekolnikov, SV Starchenkov "Nā maʻi o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. ʻO nā diagnostics paʻakikī a me ka therapy", 2013