He mau maka ʻo ka ʻīlio - no ke aha a pehea e mālama ai?

ʻO nā kumu o nā maka ao i nā ʻīlio

Aia i loko o nā maka he mau hale i maʻa mau loa - ʻo ia ka cornea, nā lens a me ka wai intraocular. Inā hoʻololi kekahi o kēia mau hale i kona kala, aia ka hewa o ka pono o nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana o nā puaʻa i loko o lākou, a laila hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka maka, a ʻike mākou i ke ao.

ʻO ka cornea ka papa alohilohi waho o ka maka e hoʻouna i ka mālamalama i ka ʻāpana hope o ka maka. He akaka no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona moku, aʻalolo, puaʻa. Inā loaʻa ka ʻeha o ke kino, a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o kona mau sela, lilo ia i ao, a lilo ka maka i polū. Hiki i ka turbidity ke kūloko (he wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka maka) a i ʻole ka huina, ke hoʻolei ʻia ka maka i ka uliuli.

ʻO ka lens he lens mānoanoa e waiho ana ma hope pono o ka haumāna. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻiʻo lahilahi, no laila, i ka wā e ʻoki ai a hoʻomaha paha nā ʻiʻo, hoʻololi kona curvature. Ma muli o kēia kaʻina hana, hiki i ka maka ke ʻike i nā mea ma nā mamao like ʻole. Ma muli o ka hele ʻana o ka mālamalama i ka lens a i ke kua o ka maka, ʻike maʻamau ia. Inā hoʻomaka kahi protein pathological e hana i loko o ka lens, ua uhaki ʻia ka pono o kāna capsule, a i ʻole e hoʻololi ʻo ia i kona kūlana a haʻalele i nā ʻiʻo, lilo ka maka i ke ao.

He mea nui ka wai intraocular no ka hana maʻamau o ka maka. Hoʻoponopono ia i ke kaomi intraocular, hānai i nā hale āpau o loko o ka maka - ka lens, cornea, trabecular apparatus, vitreous body. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka mumū, ka nui o ke koko, hoʻololi ka wai i kona kala, lilo nā maka o ka ʻīlio i ke ao.

Keratitis

ʻO ke keratitis kahi ʻāʻā o ke kino. ʻO nā kumu he trauma, he kino ʻē i ka maka, he maʻi viral, a i ʻole he maʻi bacteria. ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o kēia maʻi i nā ʻīlio, ʻo ia ke ao ʻana o ka ʻili. Hoʻoulu ia ma muli o ka edema, a hiki koke mai, i loko o kekahi mau hola. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepine ʻia ka Keratitis, ʻoiai he maʻi koʻikoʻi ia e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka makapō. Ma waho aʻe o ka turbidity, ʻulaʻula ka maka, hoʻokuʻu nui ʻia ka waimaka mai ia mea, ʻo ka ʻīlio e ʻakaʻaka a squints.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā erosions o ka cornea

Inā he maka ʻohu ʻoi ka ʻīlio, ʻo ke kumu paha ʻo ka ʻeʻe ʻana o ka corneal. ʻO ka erosion kahi ʻeha pāpaʻu e pili ana i ka epithelium luna wale nō. Me ka ma'i ma'i, ua poino ka papa hohonu o ke kino - ka stroma. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia - no ka laʻana, mai ka pāʻani ʻana me kahi ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, ka hakakā ʻana me ka pōpoki-a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo ʻia-inā he mau maka ʻokoʻa ko ka ʻīlio, nā lihilihi hāʻule, ulu ka maka, a i ʻole waimaka. Ma kahi o ka turbidity, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me blepharospasm (squinting of the eye), lacrimation, ʻulaʻula o ka conjunctiva e ʻike ʻia ma kahi o ka hōʻeha. Loaʻa ka ʻīlio i ka ʻeha nui me ka maʻi ʻeha o ke kino, no laila ke kaumaha pinepine ai, emi kona ʻai. ʻO nāʻeha o ka'ā'ī he mea maʻalahi loa i nā'īlio me nā maka'ōpuʻu - Pekingese, pugs, bulldogs. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi ʻole o ka uila ma muli o ke ʻano o nā lihilihi a me nā maka.

Uveit

ʻO ka Uveitis kahi ʻāʻā o ka choroid o ka maka. Hoʻopaʻa ka membrane vascular i loko o ka maka e like me ka pūnaewele cobweb a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana i nā moku me ke koko. Hiki ke loaʻa ka Uveitis ma muli o ka ʻeha o waho - he pā i ka maka, ʻeha corneal, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi o loko - viral a me ka bacteria, a me nā parasites a me nā neoplasms. ʻAʻole like nā hōʻailona o ka uveitis, aia nā mea āpau i nā ʻāpana o ka maka i loaʻa i kahi kaʻina inflammatory. Hiki ke ʻulaʻula ka maka, loaʻa ka lacrimation nui. Makaʻu ka ʻīlio i ka mālamalama, ma muli o ka edema, e lilo ka ʻili i ke ao. ʻO ka maka, ma keʻano he kānāwai, heʻeha nui, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka miosis o ka haumāna. He ʻano kēia e ʻaelike ai ka haumāna, lilo i kiko liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻonui hou. ʻAʻole pōʻeleʻele ka maka ma muli o ka edema corneal, akā ma muli o ka turbidity o ka wai intraocular. A hiki ke lilo i ʻohu ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā pūnana inflammatory mai nā moku a i ʻole ka pus ma ke keʻena mua o ka maka. E emi ana ke kaomi intraocular, a emi mai ke ola kino o ka maka.

Panophthalmitis

Hoʻoulu ia e kū'ē i ke kua o ka uveitis holomua a i ʻole ka mālama ʻole ʻana no nā ʻeha. No ka panophthalmitis i hōʻike ʻia e ka purulent mumū o nā membrane āpau o ka maka. Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia - ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, hoʻonui i ka nui, hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka pus a i ʻole ke koko i loko o ke keʻena mua o ka maka, he kuni ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻohe makemake, a emi iho ka hana. Ma hope o ka manawa, make ka maka a nalowale ka ʻike. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hana hoʻoikaika a wehe ʻia ka maka i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

Glaucoma

ʻO ka glaucoma kahi maʻi paʻakikī e hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi intraocular. Hoʻomaka ia me ka ʻeha nui a me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polū ma nā maka. Hoʻonui ka maka i ka nui a puka mai ka orbit. Hōʻike nā maka ʻohu i loko o kahi ʻīlio i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a pono ke maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau wikiwiki. He hoʻoilina ka maʻi a i ʻole he complication o nā maʻi ʻōnaehana e like me ka maʻi diabetes, hypertension, advanced uveitis. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano nui i manaʻo ʻia he Beagles, Huskies, Hounds, Spaniels, Dalmatians, Samoyeds a me Labradors.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi kino

He maʻi hoʻoilina i loaʻa i ka ʻīlio kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka maka hoʻokahi a i ʻole ma nā maka ʻelua. Ma kahi o ka turbidity i ka cornea, hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kaʻina metabolic, a make. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻohe hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻīlio - he hana ia, ʻaʻohe hoʻokuʻu mai nā maka a ʻaʻohe ʻeha. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha, hiki ke nahae ke kino.

Kāleka

Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma muli o ka waiho ʻana o ka protein i loko o ka lens, no laila ua lilo ʻo ia i keʻokeʻo ʻāpana a i ʻole holoʻokoʻa. Me he mea lā he pohu nā haumāna o ka ʻīlio. He lohi a me ka ʻeha ʻole ke kaʻina ʻana o ke ao, piʻi ka nui o ka lens a pehu. Hiki ke waiho ʻia ka protein ma muli o ka predisposition genetic, ka maʻi diabetes ʻole, ka trauma. He hoʻoilina ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā ʻano hānau mua - Jack Russell Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Poodle, Retriever, Schnauzer.

Luxation o ka lens

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia pathology i loko o kahi ʻīlio me ke ao a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lens mai kona kūlana maʻamau. Wehe ka lens mai nā ligaments e paʻa ai a neʻe i loko o ke keʻena mua a hope paha o ka maka. Ma muli o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, hoʻopilikia ʻia ka meaʻai o ka lens, a lilo i ao. Loaʻa ka predisposition i ka neʻe ʻana o nā lens i nā ʻīlio Crested Kina, nā Jack Russell Terriers, nā Tibetan Terriers, a me nā Wire Fox Terriers.

Pannus

ʻO kēia keratitis kahu hipa superficial, ma muli o ka hōʻole ʻana i nā pūnaewele ponoʻī o ka cornea. Hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho me ke ao ʻana a me ka uhaki ʻana i ka contour o ka cornea. ʻO ka maʻamau, he lesion bilateral, symmetrical. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, ʻeleʻele ka ʻili a hele makapō ka ʻīlio. ʻO ka mea hoʻonāukiuki o ka maʻi he ultraviolet, no laila,ʻo ka exacerbation o ka maʻi, ma keʻano he kānāwai, e hanaʻia i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Hōʻike nui ʻia ka maʻi i nā ʻīlio kahu hipa - Kelemānia, Belgian, Australian a me mestizos.

Uveodermal syndrome

ʻO kahi maʻi kakaʻikahi kahi e ulu ai ka granulomatous uveitis a me ka depigmenting dermatitis i ka manawa like. He pale ko ka ʻīlio ma kona mau maka, ulu ka uveitis a hoʻomaka ke aniani o ka ihu, nā paw pads, nā lihilihi, nā lehelehe, ka lauoho ma ka ʻāʻī e hoʻomaka e ʻā a lilo i keʻokeʻo. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻili ʻili ma hope o nā maka. Loaʻa ia ma nā ʻīlio Akito, Alaskan Malamutes, Australian Shepherds, Basset Hounds, Chow Chows, Dachshunds, German Shepherds, Irish Setters, Old English Shepherds, Samoyeds, Shelties, Shiba Inu, Siberian Huskies, St. Bernards. Ke alakaʻi nei ka maʻi i ka makapō a koi aku i ka mālama paʻakikī mai ka dermatology a me ka ophthalmology.

lapaʻau '

Inā ʻike ʻoe ua pohu nā maka o kāu ʻīlio, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili koke i kāu kauka lāʻau lapaʻau. E hana ka loea i ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka maka e hana i kahi hōʻailona a kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Aia ka hoʻokolokolo ophthalmic:

• Nānā maka a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā reflexes ʻo Corneal - inā nāwaliwali ka maʻi o ka cornea, hōʻike paha kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka mumū (uveitis, panophthalmitis, keratitis) a me nā reflexes pupillary - hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mumū, ka piʻi ʻana o ka intraocular pressure a i ʻole ka ʻeha nui.

• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Cornea. Inā ʻaʻole i pōʻino ka cornea, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea pena ophthalmic kūikawā i nā maka. I ka ʻōpoʻo ʻana, holoi ʻia ka wai, a inā he maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ʻana ma ka ʻāʻī, a laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kala. No laila hiki i ke kauka ke nānā i ka hohonu a me ka nui o ka lesion.

• Ke ana o ke kaomi intraocular. Me ke kōkua o kahi mea hana holoholona kūikawā - he tonoveta, hiki i ka ophthalmologist ke ana i ke kaomi intraocular, e hiki ai ke hana i nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma - i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole ka uveitis - ke haʻahaʻa ke kaomi.

• Ophthalmoscopy. He haʻawina kēia o ka ʻili hope o ka maka - ka retina, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana kūikawā. Me ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke poʻo optic nerve, loiloi i nā moku e hānai ai i ka maka. Hāʻawi ka haʻawina iā ʻoe e loiloi i ka hana ʻike o ka maka a me nā hopena o nā maʻi e like me ka glaucoma, uveitis, uveodermal syndrome.

• ʻO ka ultrasound maka. E ʻae ka haʻawina iā ʻoe e loiloi i ka nui a me ke kūlana o ka lens i nā cataracts a me ka luxation.

• Nā hoʻāʻo genetic Pono no kekahi mau ʻīlio no ka lawe ʻana i nā genes no nā maʻi e like me ka pannus, uveodermal syndrome, lens luxation, cataracts.

lapaʻau

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ma muli o kona kumu a me ka manawa o ke kipa ʻana i ke kauka. I nā pilikia ophthalmic i nā ʻīlio, he hōʻailona ia o nā maka pohu, ʻo kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi no ka mālama kūleʻa ʻana ʻo ia ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka pathology. Ināʻikeʻia ka hōʻailona i ka wā mua, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hapa nui o nā pilikia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau - nā hāʻule a me nā hamo. I nā pae kiʻekiʻe, pono ke ʻoki.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kino me keratitis a me nā ʻeha ʻO ka hapa nui e koi i ka wehe ʻana i ke kumu o ka pilikia a hoʻōla i ka cornea me nā kulu moisturizing a me nā kulu antibiotic. Inā he pāpaʻu a hou ka pōʻino, hāʻawi koke ka lāʻau i nā hopena, a ʻaʻohe hopena o nā ʻeha i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Inā mālama ʻole ʻia ka maʻi, a hohonu ka maʻi ʻeha, pono ke ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka cornea, wehe i ka ʻiʻo make a hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻaoʻao o ka maʻi maʻi, a laila uhi ʻia ka maka me kahi pale pale - me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lihilihi o ka ʻīlio a i ʻole ka lens artificial. Me ka pōʻino hohonu, e mau ana ka ʻili ma ke ʻano o nā kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.

lapaʻau nā hana hoʻomeamea i loko o ka maka (uveitis, panophthalmitis) - lōʻihi loa a paʻakikī, koho pākahi no kēlā me kēia hihia lapaʻau. No ia mea, hoʻohana ʻia ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko - antibiotics, hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Glaucoma - he maʻi ophthalmological paʻakikī loa. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi i loko o ka maka, pilikia nā hale a pau. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i ka kāohi ʻana i ka hana o ka wai intraocular a me ke kaomi i loko o ka maka. E hoʻokaʻawale i nā lāʻau i hui pū ʻia e hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona a hōʻemi i nā hopena o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hana mau ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ma kēia hihia, hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kūlana o ka ʻīlio ma hope o ka hana ʻana, pono e wehe ʻia ka maka.

kekahi hoʻololi lens hiki ke lapaʻau wale ʻia. ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e komo i loko, a no laila, ʻaʻohe hiki ke hoʻōla i ka cataract a i ʻole ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kona mau ligaments. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā cataracts, wehe ʻia ka lens a kau ʻia kahi mea hou - cataract phacoemulsification. Me ka luxation, wehe ʻia ka lens detached, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo i kahi mea hou.

Nā maʻi genetic (pannus and uveodermal syndrome, dystrophies) ʻaʻole hiki ke ho'ōla. I kēia mau hihia, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau kākoʻo e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o ka holoholona. E hoʻopili i nā lāʻau hormonal a me nā immunosuppressants (nā lāʻau e hōʻemi i ka pale ʻana o ka maka kūloko). Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo Pannus e hoʻohana i nā aniani no nā ʻīlio.

Kāohi

He hōʻailona koʻikoʻi loa nā maka opua i loko o ka ʻīlio e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka nalowale o ka ʻike. No laila, he mea nui e pale i nā maʻi ma mua.

mau lapaʻau no nā parasites - waho a me loko, e hahai i ka papa hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā hana inflammatory ka hopena o nā maʻi a me nā parasites.

E nānā i nā kūlana zoohygienic - hoʻohana i nā meaʻai piha, nānā i ka maʻemaʻe o ke kapa, nā kūlana kūpono.

Mai manaʻoʻiʻo i nā moʻolelo. Nui nā moʻolelo e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā maka i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he mea maʻamau ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā waimaka iā Spitz. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻīlio ʻīlio a pau he mau maka ʻālohilohi, ʻālohilohi koʻo, a ʻaʻohe waimaka nui ma ka ʻaʻahu.

ʻO nā hoʻololi i nā maka e koi wikiwiki ka nānā ʻana e ke kauka holoholona - ʻulaʻula, ʻāʻī, hoʻokuʻu, turbidity. Mai lapaau iho.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻīlio e ike i kona moopuna. E nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maka a noi i nā hoʻāʻo genetic mai nā mākua o ka ʻīlio e ʻike inā lawe lākou i kahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka pannus, luxation, a i ʻole cataracts.

E nānā mau i nā maka o kāu ʻīlio, e nānā pono i ke kauka i nā maka i ka wā e kipa aku ai i ke keʻena kino – no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana i nā maiuu a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He mau maka pohu ka ʻīlio - hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

• Inā ʻike ʻoe he mau maka pohu ka ʻīlio, e noʻonoʻo inā he maʻamau physiological kēia e pili ana, no ka laʻana, me ka makahiki. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka lōʻihi o ka puka ʻana o ka turbidity. I nā ʻīlio kahiko, ulu mālie ke ao, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala a me ka luster o nā maka ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka pathology.

• E loiloi inā ʻike ka ʻīlio. E hoʻomālamalama i ka maka a ʻike inā ʻaelike ka haumāna. E hoʻāʻo e lawe i kāu ʻīlio e hele wāwae i kahi wahi hou a ʻike i kona hoʻokele ʻana. E neʻe akahele paha ʻo ia, e kuʻi i kēlā me kēia manawa i nā mea āpau, a i ʻole e ʻimi wiwo ʻole i ka ʻāina hou.

• E nānā inā loaʻa iā ia kekahi pilikia e pili ana - ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā maka, ka makaʻu, ka makaʻu i ka mālamalama a me nā mea hou aku.

• Inā he ʻīlio maʻemaʻe ka ʻīlio, e hoʻāʻo e ʻike mai ka poʻe hānai inā he maʻi ʻo ia i ka wā kamaliʻi, a inā he maʻi maka kona mau mākua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā maʻi genetic o nā maka o kekahi ʻano ma kāu iho.

• E ʻike i ke kauka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka nānā ʻana i ka maka inā pilikia ka ʻīlio i ka ʻike, i ka ʻeha, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka maka, ka pilikia o ka maʻi genetic, a i ʻole ka pōʻeleʻele.

Nā pane i nā nīnau e nīnau pinepine ʻia

Kekemapa 16 2021

Hoʻohou: 20 Dekemaba 2021