He manu lele ʻole ʻo Ostrich: subspecies, meaʻai, ola, wikiwiki a hana hou

ʻO ka ostrich ʻApelika (lat. Struthio camelus) he manu ratite lele ʻole, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻelele o ka ʻohana ostrich (Struthinodae).

ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka manu ma ka ʻōlelo Helene ʻo ia ka "manu kāmelo".

I kēia lā, ʻo ka ostrich wale nō ka manu i loaʻa ka ʻōpū.

General 'ike

ʻO ka ostrich ʻApelika ka manu nui loa e ola nei i kēia lā, hiki iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe o 270 knm a me ke kaumaha a hiki i 175 kg. Aia kēia manu kino paa loaHe ʻāʻī lōʻihi kona a he poʻo palahalaha liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nuku o kēia mau manu he palahalaha, pololei, palupalu a me ka "maʻiu" pūnaʻi ma ke kua. Manaʻo ʻia nā maka ostrich ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā holoholona ʻāina, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o kahi ostrich he lālani o nā maka maka mānoanoa.

He manu lele ole ka ostriches. ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia ko lākou mau ʻiʻo pectoral, ʻaʻole pneumatic ka iwi, koe naʻe nā femurs. ʻAʻole hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻēheu ostrich: 2 mau manamana lima ma luna o lākou e pau i nā maiuu. He ikaika a lōʻihi nā wāwae, he 2 wale nō nā manamana lima, a pau kekahi me ke ʻano o ka pū (e hilinaʻi ka ostrich ma luna o ka holo).

He hulu ʻōniʻoniʻo kēia manu, ʻaʻole huluhulu wale nō ke poʻo, pūhaka a me ka ʻāʻī. Ma ka umauma o ka ostrich he ili wale, he mea pono i ka ostrich ke hilinai maluna ona i kona wa e moe ana. Ma ke ala, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne a he ʻano like ʻole ke kala hina hina, a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nā hulu o ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu.

Nā ʻano ʻano ostriches

Aia ʻelua ʻano nui o nā ostriches ʻApelika:

• ʻo nā ostriches e noho ana ma ʻApelika Hikina a he ʻulaʻula ko lākou ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae;
• ʻelua subspecies me nā wāwae polū-hina a me nā ʻāʻī. Ostrich S. c. molybdophanes, loaʻa ma ʻAitiopia, Somalia a me ka ʻākau o Kenya, i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia he ʻano ʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Somali ostrich. Noho kekahi ʻano ʻano ostriches ʻāʻī hina (S. c. australis) ma ʻApelika Hema komohana. Aia kekahi subspecies e noho ana ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau - S. c. kāmele.

ʻAiʻai a me ka nohona

Noho nā ostriches i nā semi-deserts a me nā savannas ākea, hema a me ka ʻākau o ka nahele nahele equatorial. ʻO ka ʻohana ostrich he kāne, 4-5 wahine a me nā moa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā ʻostriches e ʻai ana me nā zebra a me nā antelope, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā neʻe hui ʻana ma nā pāpū. Mahalo i ka ʻike maka maikaʻi a me ka ulu ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā ostriches ka mea mua e ʻike i ka pōʻino. Ma keia hihia holo lakou a ma ka manawa like e hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 60-70 km / h, a hiki i ko lākou mau wāwae i 3,5-4 m ka laulā. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi koke i ke kuhikuhi o ka holo ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka lohi.

Ua lilo kēia mau mea kanu i mea ʻai maʻamau no nā ostriches.

• ʻōpuʻu;
• na anoano;
• pua;
• huaʻai.

Eia naʻe, inā hiki mai ka manawa kūpono, lākou Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā pepeke a me na holoholona liilii. Makemake lākou:

• nā mea kolo;
• ʻūhini;
• koena mai ka ʻai a nā mea ʻaihue;
• nā ʻiole.

ʻAʻohe niho o nā ostriches, no laila pono lākou e ale i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana plastik, ka lāʻau, ka hao, a i kekahi manawa nā kui e wili ai i ka ʻai i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū. He maʻalahi kēia mau manu hiki ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa loihi. Loaʻa iā lākou ka wai mai nā mea kanu a lākou e ʻai ai, akā inā loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa e inu ai, e hana lākou me ka makemake. Aloha nō hoʻi lākou i ka ʻauʻau.

Inā haʻalele ka wahine i nā hua me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, a laila e lilo paha lākou i mea pio na nā mea ʻaihue (hyenas a me nā ʻīlio hae), a me nā manu e ʻai ana i ka carrion. No ka laʻana, lawe ʻia ka ʻākala i ka pōhaku ma ko lākou nuku, hoʻolei ma luna o ka hua, hana i kēia a haki ka hua. ʻImi ʻia nā moa e nā liona i kekahi manawa. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā ostriches makua, he pilikia lākou ʻoiai no nā mea ʻaihue nui. Hoʻokahi pā me ka wāwae ikaika me ka maiuu paʻakikī ua lawa ia e pepehi a hōʻeha nui paha i ka liona. ʻIke ka mōʻaukala i nā hihia i ka wā i hoʻouka ai nā ostriches kāne i nā kānaka, e pale ana i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kaulana o ka ostrich e hūnā i kona poʻo i ke one he moʻolelo wale nō. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ua hele mai ia mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka wahine, e hatching ana i nā hua i loko o ka pūnana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo i ka lepo i ka hihia o ka pilikia. No laila ʻaʻole ia e ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ke kaiapuni. ʻO ia ka hana o nā ostriches ke ʻike lākou i nā mea ʻaihue. Inā hoʻokokoke ka mea ʻaihue iā lākou i kēia manawa, lele koke lākou a holo.

Ostrich ma ka mahiai

Ua kaulana loa nā hulu ostrich nani a me nā hulu ostrich. Hana lākou i nā mea pā, nā mea pā a hoʻonani i nā pāpale me lākou. Ua hana nā ʻohana ʻApelika i nā kīʻaha wai mai ka pūpū ikaika o nā hua manu ostrich, a ua hana nā ʻEulopa i nā kīʻaha nani.

I ka makahiki XNUMX - mua o nā kenekulia XNUMX, ostrich Ua hoʻohana ikaika ʻia ka hulu no ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā pāpale wahine, no laila ua aneane pau loa na ostrich. Malia paha, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ola nā ostriches inā ʻaʻole lākou i hānai ʻia ma nā mahiʻai i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. I kēia lā, hānai ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o kanalima a puni ka honua (me nā piʻi anuanu e like me Suedena), akā aia ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai ostrich ma ʻApelika Hema.

I kēia mau lā, hānai ʻia lākou ma nā mahiʻai no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili pipiʻi. ʻono Ua like ka ʻiʻo ostrich me ka pipi wīwī, he liʻiliʻi ka cholesterol a no laila he haʻahaʻa momona. He waiwai nō hoʻi nā hulu a me nā hua.

Ka hana hou

He manu poligamo ka ostrich. I ka manawa pinepine hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou e noho ana ma nā pūʻulu o 3-5 mau manu, ʻo ia ka 1 he kāne, ʻo ke koena he wahine. Hōʻiliʻili kēia mau manu i nā ʻohana i ka wā hānau ʻole. He 20-30 ka nui o nā manu, a ʻo nā ʻostriches ʻaʻole i oʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika e hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana a hiki i 50-100 mau ʻēheu. I ka wā male, noho nā ostriches kāne i kahi ʻāina mai 2 a 15 km2, e pale ana iā ia mai nā mea hoʻokūkū.

I ka wā hānau, hoʻowalewale nā ​​kāne i nā wahine ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa. Kuʻu ke kāne ma kona mau kuli, kuʻi i kona mau ʻēheu me ke kani ʻana, a hoʻolei i kona poʻo i hope, ʻānai i kona poʻo i kona kua. I loko o kēia wā, he kala ʻulaʻula nā wāwae a me ka ʻāʻī o ke kāne. ʻOiai ʻO ka holo ʻana kona ʻano a me ka hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa, i ka wā pāʻani male, hōʻike lākou i ka wahine i ko lākou mau pono ʻē aʻe.

No ka laʻana, no ka hōʻike ʻana i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe, hana nā kāne hoʻokūkū i nā leo nui. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohenehene a i ʻole ka pū, e lawe i ka ea piha piha a hoʻokuʻu iā ia i waho ma ka esophagus, ʻoiai ke lohe ʻia kahi leo e like me ka leo ʻino. ʻO ka ʻostrich kāne i ʻoi aku ka leo o ka leo, ʻo ia ka mea lanakila, loaʻa iā ia ka wahine lanakila, a ʻo ka hoa paʻakikī e haʻalele me ka ʻole.

Hiki i ke kāne mana ke uhi i nā wāhine a pau o ka harem. Eia naʻe, me ka wahine mana e hoʻokumu i kahi pālua. Ma ke ala, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā moa me ka wahine. ʻO nā mea a pau waiho nā wāhine i kā lākou mau hua i loko o kahi lua, na ke kane ponoi e wili ma ke one a ma ka lepo paha. ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua mai 30 a 60 cm. I ka honua manu, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hua ostrich ka nui loa. Eia naʻe, e pili ana i ka nui o ka wahine, ʻaʻole lākou nui.

I ka lōʻihi, hiki i nā hua i ka 15-21 cm, a me ke kaumaha o 1,5-2 kg (ma kahi o 25-36 mau hua moa). E like me kā mākou i haʻi mua ai, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka pūpū ostrich, ma kahi o 0,6 cm, maʻamau ka mauʻu-melemele i ke kala, ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ka nui o ka clutch he 15-20 mau ʻāpana, ma ka hikina a hiki i 50-60, a ma ka hema - 30.

I nā hola o ke ao, hoʻomoʻa nā wahine i nā hua, ma muli o kā lākou kala pale, e hui pū me ka ʻāina. A i ka pō, hana ʻia kēia hana e ke kāne. ʻO ka manawa pinepine e waiho ʻia nā hua me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, a laila wela lākou e ka lā. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 35-45 mau lā. Akā naʻe me kēia, make pinepine nā hua ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka incubation. Pono ka moa e nahā i ka pūpū paʻa o ka hua manu ostrich no hoʻokahi hola. He 24 manawa ka nui o ka hua manu ostrich ma mua o ka hua moa.

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka moa hou ma kahi o 1,2 kg. Ma nā mahina ʻehā, ke piʻi nei ʻo ia i ke kaumaha a hiki i 18-19 kg. I ka lua o ka lā o ke ola, haʻalele nā ​​moa i ka pūnana a hele i ka ʻimi ʻai me ko lākou makuakāne. No nā mahina mua ʻelua, uhi ʻia nā moa me nā hulu ʻoʻoleʻa, a laila hoʻololi lākou i kēia kapa i kahi kala e like me ko ka wahine. ʻIke ʻia nā hulu maoli i ka lua o ka mahina, a ʻo nā hulu ʻeleʻele i nā kāne wale nō i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Aia i ka 2-4 mau makahiki, hiki i nā ostriches ke hana hou, a ola lākou i 30-40 mau makahiki.

Holo Kupaianaha

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ostriches ke lele, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o ka uku no kēia hiʻohiʻona me ka hiki ke holo wikiwiki. I ka pilikia, hiki lākou i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 70 km / h. ʻO kēia mau manu, me ka luhi ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke lanakila i kahi mamao loa. Hoʻohana nā ʻostriches i ko lākou wikiwiki a me ka maʻalahi e hoʻopau i nā mea ʻaihue. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ostrich ma mua o ka wikiwiki o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo ia, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka lio ke loaʻa iā ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa, hana ka ostrich i nā puka lou i ka holo ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i kēia, holo wikiwiki ka mea holo e ʻoki iā ia, akā naʻe, ʻo kahi Arab ma luna o kāna lio frisky ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomau iā ia ma kahi laina pololei. ʻO ka luhi ʻole a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki ka hōʻailona o kēia mau ʻēheu.

Hiki iā lākou ke holo i ka wikiwiki no nā hola lōʻihi i ka lālani, no ka mea, kūpono kona mau wāwae ikaika a lōʻihi me nā ʻiʻo ikaika no kēia. ʻOiai e holo ana hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka lio: Kikeke no hoi oia i kona mau wawae a kiola aku i na pohaku. Ke ulu ka mea kukini i kona māmā loa, hohola ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu a hohola ma luna o kona kua. Ma ke kaulike, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hana wale ʻo ia i mea e mālama ai i ke kaulike, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lele i kahi pā. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema hiki i ka ostrich ke holo wikiwiki a hiki i 97 km / h. ʻO ka maʻamau, hele kekahi mau subspecies ostriches i ka wikiwiki maʻamau o 4-7 km / h, e hele ana i 10-25 km i kēlā me kēia lā.

Holo wikiwiki nō hoʻi nā moa ʻostrich. Hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana, hiki i nā moa ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 50 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola.