Leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki

He aha ka leptospirosis? ʻO ka Leptospirosis kahi maʻi lele koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano bacteria i hana ʻia e ka maʻi bacteria mai ka genus Leptospira, he mau lālā ia o ka ʻohana Spirochaetaceae. Ma waho aʻe o nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, hiki i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a me nā holoholona hihiu ke maʻi: nui a me nā pipi liʻiliʻi, nā lio, nā puaʻa, nā ʻīlio hihiu - nā ʻīlio hae, nā alopeke, nā ʻalopeke arctic, minks, ferrets; nā rodents - nāʻiole, nāʻiole, nā squirrels, lagomorphs, a me nā manu. No nā kānaka, he pōʻino nō hoʻi kēia maʻi. ʻO nā ala o ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis

• Ma ka launa pū ʻana me ka holoholona maʻi, me kona kohu, ka waiū, ke koko, ka mimi a me nā wai ola ʻē aʻe
• ʻAi ʻana i nā ʻiole e lawe ana i ka leptospira 
• Ma o ka launa pū ʻana me nā huna huna mai nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole ma ke kaona kūlanakauhale
• I ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai i loaʻa i nā rodents, i ka wā e hānai ai i ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻai a me ka waiū o nā holoholona lawe leptospiro-maʻi
• I ka inu ʻana i ka wai haumia mai nā waihona hāmama a me nā puddles 
• I ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā ʻīlio i loko o nā loko a me nā puddles
• I ka ʻeli ʻana i loko o ka ʻāina pulu a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā aʻa a me nā lāʻau
• I ka male ʻana i nā ʻīlio me ka leptospirosis
• ʻO ke ala o ka maʻi intrauterine a ma o ka waiū mai ka makuahine i nā keiki
• Ma o ka nahu a me ka nahu pepeke

Hoʻokomo ka pathogen i ke kino ma o ka mucous membrane o ka digestive, respiratory and genitourinary system, a me ka ʻili ʻeha. ʻO ka manawa incubation (ka manawa mai ka maʻi a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona lapaʻau mua) mai ʻelua a iwakālua mau lā. ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa loa ka Leptospira i ka mālama ʻana i waho, akā i loko o ka lepo maʻemaʻe a me nā kino wai hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 130 mau lā, a ma kahi kūlana hau e noho lākou no nā makahiki. I ka manawa like, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka maloʻo a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe: ma ka lepo maloʻo ma hope o 2-3 mau hola e nalowale ai ko lākou hiki ke hana hou, ma ka lā pololei e make lākou ma hope o 2 mau hola, ma kahi mahana o +56 make lākou ma hope o 30 mau minuke, ma +70 make koke lākou. Paʻa i nā disinfectants a me nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa (ʻoi aku ka streptomycin). ʻO ka ʻāina maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi leptospira ma waho o ke kino, ʻo ia nā puddles pulu, nā loko, nā puʻu, nā kahawai kahe mālie, a me ka lepo pulu. ʻO ke ala wai o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi ka mea nui a maʻamau. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi iā ia iho i ke kau mahana, i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā haʻahaʻa, a me ka wā wela, i ka wā e maʻalili ai nā holoholona a inu ʻia mai nā waihona hāmama a me nā puddles. Loaʻa ka maʻi o nā pōpoki ma ka hopu ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā rodents (maʻa mau ʻiole), ʻaʻole kakaikahi ke ala wai o ka maʻi i nā pōpoki ma muli o ko lākou ʻano rabies maoli a me ke koho ʻana i ka wai no ka inu ʻana.

Nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻano o ka maʻi

Ua ʻike kēlā me kēia mea nona ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i loko o ka pōpoki a i ʻole ka ʻīlio, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa pono ʻoe e kelepona a kūkākūkā me ke kauka holoholona a i ʻole e hele mai i kahi hālāwai maka-a-maka. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā pūʻulu pilikia: nā pōpoki manuahi, kiaʻi, hahai holoholona, ​​​​ʻīlio kahu hipa, ʻoi aku ka nui inā ʻaʻole lākou i kano. ʻO nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio:

• Hoʻonui ka wela
• Hoʻomālia
• ʻO ka nele a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka ʻai, hoʻonui i ka make wai
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka jaundice (ka ʻulaʻula mai ka melemele māmā a i ka melemele ʻeleʻele o nā mucous membrane o ka waha, ka ihu o ka ihu, ka vagina, a me ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū, perineum, ka ʻili o loko o nā pepeiao)
• ʻO ka mimi me ke koko a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele mimi
• Loaʻa ke koko i loko o ka waihona a me ka luaʻi, hiki ke kahe ʻana o ke koko
• Hemorrhages ma ka mucous membrane a me ka ʻili
• ʻEha ma ke ake, puʻupaʻa, ʻōpū, 
• Hōʻike ʻia nā wahi hyperemic a me icteric ma nā mucous membrane o ka waha, ma hope - necrotic foci a me nā ʻeha.
• Dehydration
• ʻO nā maʻi neurological, hopu
• I nā pae hope loa o kahi papa koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi - ka emi ʻana o ka mahana, ka pulse, ka ate a me ka hōʻino ʻole, hāʻule ka holoholona i kahi coma hohonu a make. 

ʻAno uila. ʻO ke ʻano fulminant o ka maʻi he 2 a 48 mau hola. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi me ka piʻi koke ʻana o ka wela o ke kino, a ma hope o ke kaumaha a me ka nāwaliwali. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻike nā mea nona ka ʻīlio maʻi, e lilo i haunaele; ʻO ka wela o ke kino kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻīlio no nā hola mua o ka maʻi, a laila hāʻule i ka maʻamau a ma lalo o 38C. Aia ka tachycardia, ka pulupulu thready. ʻO ka hanu pāpaʻu, pinepine. I ka nānā ʻana i ka mucous membranes, ʻike ʻia ko lākou melemele, he mimi koko. ʻO ka make ma kēia ʻano o ka maʻi hiki i 100%. ʻAno ʻoi. Ma keʻano koʻikoʻi,ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi he 1-4 mau lā, i kekahi manawa 5-10 mau lā, hiki i ka make ke hiki i 60-80%. ʻAno subacute.

Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano subacute o ka leptospirosis e nā hōʻailona like, akā e ulu mālie lākou a ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau he 10-15, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 20 mau lā inā loaʻa nā maʻi i hui pū ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi lua. ʻO ka make ma ke ʻano subacute he 30-50%.

ʻAno maʻi

I nā holoholona he nui, lilo ke ʻano subacute i mau. I ka papa maʻi o ka leptospirosis, mālama nā ʻīlio i ko lākou ʻai, akā ʻo ka emaciation, ka melemele liʻiliʻi o nā mucous membranes, anemia, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā scabs melemele-hina ma ka mucous membranes o ka waha, wehe ʻia me nā maʻi ʻeha. Noho mau ka mahana o ke kino. I kēia hihia, noho mau ka ʻīlio i ka maʻi leptospirosis no ka manawa lōʻihi.

ʻO ke ʻano atypical o ka maʻi hele maʻalahi. Loaʻa ka piʻi iki a me ka pōkole o ka mahana o ke kino (e ka 0,5-1 ° C), ke kaumaha iki, ka anemic ʻike ʻia nā mucous membranes, ka icterus liʻiliʻi, ka manawa pōkole (mai 12 mau hola a 3-4 mau lā) hemoglobinuria. Pau nā hōʻailona i luna ma hope o kekahi mau lā a ola ka holoholona.

Hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia ka ʻano icteric i nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio ʻōpio 1-2 mau makahiki. Hiki i ka maʻi ke maʻi, subacute a me ka maʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia me ka hyperthermia a hiki i 40-41,5 ° C, luaʻi me ke koko, acute gastroenteritis, ʻeha nui i ka ʻōpū a me ka ate. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻano icteric o ka maʻi ʻo ka localization kikoʻī o ka leptospira i loko o ke ake, kahi e hōʻeha nui ai i nā pūnaʻi ate a me nā haʻihaʻi hohonu o kāna mau hana koʻikoʻi.

Hemorrhagic (anicteric) ʻano leptospirosis loaʻa i nā ʻīlio kahiko. Loaʻa pinepine ka maʻi i kahi ʻano acute a subacute paha, hoʻomaka koke a ʻike ʻia e ka hyperthermia pōkole a hiki i 40-41,5 ° C, lethargy nui, anorexia, hoʻonui i ka makewai, hyperemia o nā mucous membrane o ka waha a me ka ihu. nā lua, conjunctiva. Ma hope (ma ka lā 2-3) e hāʻule ka mahana o ke kino i 37-38 ° C, a hoʻomohala ʻia kahi maʻi hemorrhagic: ke kahe koko o nā mucous membranes a me nā membrane ʻē aʻe o ke kino (oral, nasal cavity, gastrointestinal tract).

No nā pōpoki, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana. ʻO ka maʻi leptospirosis i nā pōpoki he asymptomatic. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka manawa incubation 10-lā. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka nui o ka pathogen (leptospira) i loko o ke kino, hoʻomaka ka maʻi e hōʻike iā ia iho. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona kūikawā i kū hoʻokahi i nā pōpoki me ka leptospirosis. Loaʻa lākou a pau i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO ka letargy, ka manaʻoʻole, ka hiamoe, ke kuni, ka hōʻole i ka meaʻai a me ka wai, ka maloʻo, nā maka mucous maloʻo, nā hōʻike icteric ma ka mucous membranes, ka pōʻeleʻele o ka mimi, ka luaʻiʻana, ka maʻi paʻi, a me ka constipation, convulsions, a hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona keʻano likeʻole. a kokoke i ike ole ia. He mea nui ka hahai ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi hōʻailona kūikawā, e hoʻopili i kahi kauka holoholona, ​​​​a laila e hana i nā hoʻokolohua laboratory a hōʻoia i ka maʻi. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hoʻihoʻi koke ʻana i waho o kahi pōpoki, i ka wā e nalo koke ai nā hōʻailona, ​​​​me he mea lā ʻaʻole i laila, ʻike maikaʻi ka pōpoki. A laila lilo ka pōpoki i mea lawe leptospiro.

lapaʻau '

Hiki i ka Leptospirosis ke hoʻopili i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka lele nui ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka pōʻino, me nā kānaka, pono ia e hana i nā diagnostics. Basically, hui pū nā laboratories veterinary me nā laboratories microbiological kanaka. Pono ka haʻawina i ke koko a i ʻole ka mimi o kahi holoholona i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike kikoʻī e like me nā hopena o nā noiʻi laboratory (bacteriological, serological, biochemical). Nā maʻi ʻokoʻa: Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Leptospirosis mai nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. I nā pōpoki mai ka nephritis a me ka maʻi hepatitis, nā maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke nānā ʻia kahi kiʻi like, no ka laʻana, me ka infectious peritonitis o nā pōpoki. I nā ʻīlio, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka leptospirosis mai ka make ʻana, ka maʻi hepatitis, ka maʻi ahulau, ka piroplasmosis, ka borreliosis, a me ka hiki ʻole o ka renal. lapaʻau ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka mālama ʻana i ka leptospirosis. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hyperimmune sera e kūʻē i ka leptospirosis ma kahi ʻano o 0,5 ml no 1 kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wā mua o ka maʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka serum subcutaneously, maʻamau 1 manawa i ka lā no 2-3 mau lā. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic, ka maʻi hōʻailona (ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hepatoprotectors, antiemetic a me nā lāʻau diuretic, wai-paʻakai a me nā meaʻai, nā lāʻau detoxification, no ka laʻana, gemodez).

Kāohi

• Kāohi i nā ʻīlio hele wāwae a me nā pōpoki
• Ke pale nei i ka launa pū ʻana me nā holoholona hele hewa, nā mea lawe leptospiro
• Ka hoomalu ana i ka nui o na rodent ma ka noho ana o ka holoholona
• Ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi i mālama ʻia ai nā holoholona me nā disinfectants
• Ka mālama ʻana i ka holoholona mai nā parasite waho
• Hoʻohana i ka meaʻai maloʻo a me nā huahana ʻiʻo, ka wai maʻemaʻe
• Kāohi / pāpā ʻana i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka inu ʻana mai nā kino wai kānalua me ka wai kūpaʻa
• ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi he ʻāpana kūʻē i ka leptospirosis. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i 100% pale mai ka leptospirosis. ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻamau o ka leptospira, a ma ke ʻano he ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻaʻole ia ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau pālua makahiki.
• I ka hana ʻana me nā holoholona maʻi, pono e pale ʻia ke kanaka e nā maka maka, nā mīkina lima, nā lole i pani ʻia, a ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia ka disinfection.