ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau a me ka biochemical i nā ʻīlio: deciphering i nā hōʻailona
Contents
Nā ʻano hoʻāʻo koko i nā ʻīlio
Nui nā ʻano hoʻāʻo a me nā helu koko i loko o nā ʻīlio, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka mea nui loa o lākou: ʻo ka loiloi maʻi maʻamau (CCA) a me ka hōʻike koko biochemical (BC). Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau akamai, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mōʻaukala a me nā hopena hōʻike, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke ala e koho ai i ka maʻi maʻi a pehea e kōkua ai i ka mea maʻi.
Nānā nui
ʻO ka helu koko piha i nā ʻīlio e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, ka ikaika o ke kaʻina inflammatory, nā maʻi anemia a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā kumu nui:
Hematocrit (Ht) - ka pakeneka o ke koko ʻulaʻula e pili ana i ka nui o ke koko. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ke koko, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia hōʻailona. ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona nui o ka anemia. ʻAʻole i lawe nui ʻia ka nui o ka hematocrit, ʻoiai ʻo kona emi ʻana he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole.
Hemoglobin (Hb) - he paʻakikī protein i loko o nā erythrocytes a me ka oxygen paʻa. E like me ka hematocrit, hana nui ia i ka ʻike o ka anemia. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana e hōʻike i kahi hemahema o ka oxygen.
ʻO ke koko ʻulaʻula (RBC) - ʻo nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a ʻo ia ka hui nui loa o nā ʻāpana koko. Hoʻopili pono ko lākou helu me ka helu hemoglobin a loaʻa i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi like.
Leukocytes (WBC) - ke kuleana o ke koko keʻokeʻo no ka pale ʻana, ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi. Aia i loko o kēia pūʻulu kekahi mau ʻano pūnaewele me nā hana like ʻole. Ua kapa ʻia ka lakio o nā ʻano leukocytes ʻē aʻe i ka leukogram a he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i nā ʻīlio.
ʻO Neutrophils - he mea paʻa loa, hiki ke hele ma waena o nā pale kiko, haʻalele i ke kahe koko a loaʻa iā ia ka hiki ke phagocytosis (absorption) o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā virus, bacteria, protozoa. Aia 2 mau pūʻulu neutrophils. Stab - immature neutrophils, ua komo wale lākou i ke kahe koko. Inā hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou helu, a laila e pane koke ke kino i ka maʻi, aʻo ka predominance o nā ʻano neutrophils i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (maʻo) e hōʻike i kahi papa mau o ka maʻi.
Eosinophils - he pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā pūnaewele nui, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hakakā ʻana i nā parasite multicellular. ʻO kā lākou hoʻonui ʻana kokoke i nā manawa a pau e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻouka parasitic. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ko lākou pae maʻamau ʻaʻole he parasites i ka holoholona.
Basophils - nā pūnaewele kuleana no ka hopena a me ka mālama ʻana. I nā ʻīlio, piʻi pinepine ka basophils, ʻaʻole like me nā kānaka, ʻoiai inā he allergy.
Monocytes - nā pūnaewele nui e hiki ke haʻalele i ke kahe koko a komo i loko o kahi kiko o ka mumū. ʻO lākou ka mea nui o ka pus. Hoʻonui ʻia me ka sepsis (ka hua bacteria e komo ana i ke kahe koko).
Lymphocytes - Ke kuleana no ka palekana kūikawā. I ka hui ʻana me kahi maʻi, "hoʻomanaʻo" lākou i ka pathogen a aʻo e hakakā iā ia. ʻO kā lākou hoʻonui e hōʻike i kahi kaʻina infectious, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui me ka oncology. ʻO ka emi ʻana e ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka immunosuppression, nā maʻi iwi iwi, nā maʻi maʻi.
Platelets - non-nuclear cell, ʻo ka hana nui e hoʻōki i ke koko. E piʻi mau lākou me ke kahe o ke koko, ma ke ʻano he hana uku. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia no nā kumu ʻelua: ua nalowale loa lākou (nā thrombotic poisons, kahe koko, nā maʻi), a ʻaʻole lawa lākou (nā ʻōpū, nā maʻi iwi iwi, etc.). Akā, hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepine ʻia lākou inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi koko koko i loko o ka pahu hoʻāʻo (noiʻi mea hana).
ʻIkepili biochemical
ʻO ka biochemistry o ke koko o kahi ʻīlio e kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā maʻi o kēlā me kēia kino, akā i mea e wehewehe pono ai i nā hopena, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hōʻailona.
Nā kumu nui:
ʻO Albumen he mea maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā kaʻina hana, mai ka meaʻai cell a hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka vitamina. ʻAʻohe koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka emi ʻana e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi me ka nalowale o ka protein a i ʻole ka haki ʻana i kāna metabolism.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) He enzyme i loaʻa i loko o ka hapa nui o ke kino. Loaʻa ka nui o ka nui i loko o nā keʻena o ke ake, nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻiʻo puʻuwai a me nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻonui ka mea hōʻailona me nā maʻi o kēia mau kino (ʻoi aku ka ate). Loaʻa ia ma hope o ka hōʻeha (ma muli o ka pōʻino o ka ʻiʻo) a i ka wā hemolysis (ka luku ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula).
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - he enzyme, e like me ALT, i loko o ke ake, nā ʻiʻo, ka myocardium, nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a me ka pā o ka ʻōpū. Aneane pili mau kona pae me ka pae o ka ALT, akā i ka myocarditis, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae o AST ma mua o ka pae o ALT, no ka mea, aia ka AST i ka nui o ka myocardium.
ʻO ka alpha amylase - he enzyme i hana ʻia i loko o ka pancreas (PZh), no ka haki ʻana o nā kaʻa. ʻO Amylase, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona, he liʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Komo ia i ke kahe koko mai ka duodenum, i kēlā me kēia, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona piʻi ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka intestinal permeability ma mua o nā maʻi o ka pancreas.
ʻO Bilirubin kahi puaʻa i loaʻa i ka bile. Hoʻonui i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hepatobiliary. Me kona hoʻonui ʻana, lawe ka mucous membrane i kahi ʻano icteric (icteric) malu.
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) - he enzyme i loaʻa i loko o nā keʻena o ke ake, pancreas, mammary gland, spleen, ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka myocardium a me nā ʻiʻo. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o kona pae e hōʻike i ka pōʻino i nā ʻiʻo i loko o ia mea.
Glucose - ke kō maʻalahi, hoʻohana ʻia i kumu o ka ikehu. ʻO nā hoʻololi i kona nui i loko o ke koko e hōʻike mua i ke kūlana o ka metabolism. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka hemahema me ka lawa ʻole o kāna ʻai ʻana (i ka wā pololi) a i ʻole ka poho (ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa, nā lāʻau lapaʻau). ʻO ka piʻi ʻana e hōʻike i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi kīkī, etc.
ʻO ka Creatinine kahi huahana hoʻopau protein. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia e nā puʻupaʻa, no laila inā pilikia kā lākou hana, e hoʻonui ia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia me ka dehydration, nā ʻeha, ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka pōloli ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo koko.
ʻO ka Urea ka hopena hope o ka wāwahi ʻana i ka protein. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Urea i loko o ke ake a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa. Piʻi me ka pio ʻana o kēia mau kino. Hoʻemi i ka hana ʻole o ke ake.
ʻO ka alkaline phosphatase - he enzyme i loko o nā keʻena o ke ake, puʻupaʻa, ʻōpū, pancreas, placenta, iwi. I nā maʻi o ka gallbladder, piʻi pinepine ka alkaline phosphatase. Akā hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka wā hāpai, enteropathy, nā maʻi o ka waha waha, i ka wā ulu.
Nā kūlana o ke koko
Ma ka hoʻokalahala maʻamau
Papa no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kūlana o nā hōʻailona o kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau i nā ʻīlio
| Index | ʻīlio makua, maʻamau | ʻīlio, maʻamau |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 120-180 | 90-120 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35-55 | 29-48 |
| Erythrocytes (miliona/µl) | 5.5-8.5 | 3.6-7.4 |
| Leukocytes (tausani/µl) | 5.5-16 | 5.5-16 |
| Hoʻopaʻa i nā neutrophils (%) | 0-3 | 0-3 |
| Nā neutrophils ʻāpana (%) | 60-70 | 60-70 |
| Monocytes (%) | 3-10 | 3-10 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 12-30 | 12-30 |
| Platelets (tausani/µl) | 140-480 | 140-480 |
Ma ka hoʻonaʻauao biochemical
Nā kūlana o nā hōʻailona o kahi hoʻāʻo koko biochemical i nā ʻīlio
| Index | ʻīlio makua, maʻamau | ʻīlio, maʻamau |
| Albumin (g/L) | 25-40 | 15-40 |
| GOLD (mau ʻāpana/l) | 10-65 | 10-45 |
| AST (mau ʻāpana/l) | 10-50 | 10-23 |
| Alpha-amylase (mau ʻāpana/l) | 350-2000 | 350-2000 |
| Pilirubin pololei Huina bilirubin (μmol/L) | ||
| GGT (mau ʻāpana/l) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.3-6.6 | 2.8-12 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 3-9 | 3-9 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 33-136 | 33-136 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (u/l) | 10-80 | 70-520 |
| Koleka (mmol/l) | 2.25-2.7 | 2.1-3.4 |
| ʻO ka Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.01-1.96 | 1.2-3.6 |
ʻO nā haʻalele i ka helu koko
Nānā nui
Ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko i nā ʻīlio
| Index | Ma luna o ka mea maʻamau | Ma lalo o ka maʻamau |
| Hemoglobin Hematocrit ʻErythrocytes | Dehydration Hypoxia (nā maʻi o ka māmā, naʻau) Nā ʻōpū o ka BMC | Anemia o ka ma'i mau ʻO ka maʻi maʻi kīkiʻi Lilo ke koko Hemolisis Hao Hao Nā maʻi iwi ʻO ka hoʻokē ʻai lōʻihi |
| leukocyte | Nā maʻi (bacterial, viral) ʻai hou hāpai keiki Kaʻina inflammatory maʻamau | Nā maʻi (e laʻa, parvovirus enteritis) Ka hoʻopaʻa kino Nā maʻi iwi 'Oiho |
| Hoʻopili ʻia nā neutrophils | ʻAʻe ʻino Maʻi ʻaʻai | - |
| Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā neutrophils | Hoʻopilikia nā hopena maʻi maʻi mau | Nā maʻi o ka KCM Lilo ke koko ʻO kekahi mau maʻi maʻi |
| Nā Monositita | Hoʻoponopono ʻO nā Tumors Nāʻeha | Nā maʻi o ka KCM lilo ke koko Ka hoʻopaʻa kino |
| ʻO Lymphocytes | Infections Nā ʻōpū (me ka lymphoma) | Nā maʻi o ka KCM lilo ke koko Ka hoʻopaʻa kino Nā maʻi viral |
| Nā Kauliana | ʻO ka make/ʻeha koko hou Nā maʻi o ka KCM Dehydration | Lilo ke koko Nā mea hemolytic (ʻawaʻawa, kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau) Nā maʻi o ka KCM ʻAʻe i ka pre-analytics |
ʻIkepili biochemical
Ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko biochemical i nā ʻīlio
| Index | Ma luna o ka mea maʻamau | Ma lalo o ka maʻamau |
| ʻO ka album | Dehydration | ʻO ka hanu hanaʻole Enteropathy a i ʻole nephropathy nalowale protein Infections ʻO nā maʻi ʻili nui (pyoderma, atopy, eczema) ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻai ʻana i ka protein Effusions/edema Lilo ke koko |
| ALT | Atrophy o ke ake Pyridoxine hemahema | Hepatopathy (neoplasia, hepatitis, lipidosis ate, etc.) Hypoxia Poino lōkohu nā palapū |
| AST | Atrophy o ke ake Pyridoxine hemahema | Hepatopathy ʻona/ʻona Hoʻohana i nā corticosteroids Hypoxia eha Hemolisis lōkohu |
| Alpha amylase | - | Dehydration lōkohu Kino ʻO Enteropathies / ʻōpū ʻōpū Hepatopathies Ka lawe ʻana i nā corticosteroids |
| Bilirubin | - | Hemolisis Nā maʻi o ke ake a me ka ʻōpū |
| ʻO GGT | - | Nā maʻi o ke ake a me ka ʻōpū |
| Glucose | Pololi ʻO nā Tumors Sepsis ʻO ka hanu hanaʻole Hāpai hope | Diabetes Ka hopohopo/makaʻu Hepatocutaneous syndrome ʻO ka Hyperthyroidism ʻO ka pale ʻana o ka insulin (me ka acromegaly, hyperadrenocorticism, etc.) |
| urea | ʻO ka hanu hanaʻole Nalo o ka protein Ascites Pololi | Dehydration/hypovolemia/shock ʻO Burns ʻO ka hemahema o ka renal a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe Poino |
| ʻĀiwi | hāpai keiki ʻO ka Hyperthyroidism Cachexia | Dehydration/hypovolemia Kino Kuhi o ka naʻau ʻAi i ka protein kiʻekiʻe (ʻai ʻiʻo) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | - | Nā maʻi o ke ake a me ka ʻōpū ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā anticonvulsants lōkohu ʻOpio makahiki Nā maʻi niho Nā maʻi iwi (resorption, fractures) ʻO nā Tumors |
Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi ʻīlio no ke kaʻina hana?
ʻO ke kānāwai nui ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko, ʻo ia ka hoʻomanawanui i ka pōloli.
No nā ʻīlio makua ma mua o 10 kg, ʻo ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana he 8-10 mau hola.
Ua lawa nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi e kū i ka pōloli no nā hola 6-8, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pōloli no ka manawa lōʻihi.
No nā pēpē a hiki i 4 mau mahina, lawa ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai pōloli no 4-6 mau hola.
ʻAʻole pono e kaupalena ʻia ka wai ma mua o ka nānā ʻana.
Pehea e huki ai ke koko?
Ma muli o ke kūlana, hiki i ke kauka ke lawe i kahi kānana mai ka vein o ka lālā mua a hope paha.
ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohana ʻia kahi tourniquet. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka nila me ka waiʻona, a laila ʻohi ʻia ke koko i loko o nā paipu hoʻāʻo.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole ʻeha loa. ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o nā holoholona i kahi tourniquet ma mua o ka puncture me ka nila. ʻO ka hana a nā mea nona kēia kūlana ʻo ia ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka puaʻa e like me ka hiki, e kamaʻilio pū me ia a mai makaʻu ʻoe iā ʻoe iho, inā manaʻo ka ʻīlio ua makaʻu ʻoe, e ʻoi aku ka makaʻu.
Nā pane i nā nīnau e nīnau pinepine ʻia
October 6 2021
Hou Hou:ʻOkakopa 7, 2021
Oe E hoʻi Like A
ʻŌlelo polū i nā ʻīlio
Puka ka maka o ka ʻīlio – no ke aha a pehea e mālama ai?
