Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelele o ka papa amphibian a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka rana mai kahi toad

Wahi a ka manaʻo o ka evolution, ʻo ke ola ma ka honua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hohonu o ka moana. No nā miliona miliona, i ka hakakā mau ʻana no ke ola ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻano a nalowale, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hou a maikaʻi loa, nona nā ala maikaʻi loa e ola ai. A no ka manawa lōʻihi, no nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, ʻo ka mea wai wale nō kahi noho ma ka honua. Akā, ua hiki mai ka manawa a ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻāina. Hoʻololi mālie nā paionia paʻakikī, mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna, e hoʻopau i nā mea pono ʻole a loaʻa i nā mea e pono ai no ke ola ʻoluʻolu mai loko mai o ka wai: ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻūhā i nā wāwae, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻōpū hanu hou e pani i nā gills - nā māmā.

I kēia lā, hoʻopilikia ka ʻano i ka noʻonoʻo me ka nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano i loko o ka wai a me ka ʻili honua, a ua hele ka wā i hala i kahi hohonu hiki ʻole ke hiki ke paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo i ka plausibility o ke kumumanaʻo inā ʻaʻohe. hōʻike paʻa. Akā aia nā hōʻike, ʻaʻole kēia mau mea archaeological i nā mea āpau, akā nā mea ola i kamaʻāina i nā mea a pau.

E pili ana i ka papa amphibians a i ʻole amphibians. Wahi a ʻepekema ʻo nā ʻelele o kēia papa he loulou waena ma waena o nā iʻa a me nā mea kolo. ʻO wai kēia papa? ʻAe, ʻo nā ʻano amphibian maʻamau ka rana a me ka toads. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ke ola o kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano, he metamorphosis kupaianaha: ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi tadpole e noho ana i loko o ka wai me nā ʻūhā a me nā gills i holoholona ʻāina, e hanu ana me nā māmā a hoʻolako ʻia me nā wāwae ʻehā. A ʻaʻole anei kēia he hōʻike maopopo o ka puka ʻana o ka iʻa i uka?

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻelele o ka papa o nā amphibians mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Iwaena o lakou hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona nui:

• hana hou ʻia e nā hua i waiho ʻia i ka wai,
• ka hanu ʻana me nā gills - i ka pae o nā tadpoles,
• ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hanu ʻana me ke akemāmā ma ke ʻano o ka puka ʻana mai ka wai,
• ka hiki ke hanu ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili,
• nele i ka lauoho, hulu a unahi paha ma ka ʻili.

Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka papa o nā amphibians, hiki mai ka nīnau, ʻo ia ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā toads a me nā rana. A, ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa, e nānā pono.

ʻOkoʻa Nui ma waena o nā Frogs a me Toads

Keʻano

Nūhou he mau hōʻailona hōʻike waho, e maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā rana mai nā toads:

• ʻO ka mea mua e huki i ka manaʻo ʻo ka ʻili. I nā rana, pahee, pahee, pulu. Mālama ka hydration mau i ka mana kūikawā o nā rana e hanu ma ko lākou ʻili. I loko o ka toads, ua maloʻo ka ʻili, keratinized, uhi ʻia me nā tubercles, ka mea, i ka wā e hoʻonāukiuki ai, hūnā i ka mucus poisonous caustic. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Toads ke hanu ma ko lākou ʻili. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hanu o ke kanaka makua e ka māmā.
• ʻO ka ʻili o nā rana he ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ko lākou wahi noho, no ka mea, hoʻopau lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka wai, ma waena o nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu. He ʻeleʻele nā ​​toads ʻāina, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻole ʻia, hui pū me ka lepo, e noho ana i loko o kahi lua wai i ka lā. No ka toads, he mea nui ka camouflage, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e noho kokoke i ka wai, kahi e luʻu ai i ka pilikia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lele e like me ka rana.
• Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka rana, ʻo ke poʻo i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i luna a hohola i mua. Mahalo i kona mau wāwae hope lōʻihi a ikaika, ʻike ʻia ke kūpaʻa, puna, a hiki maoli ke neʻe wikiwiki me nā lele nui. ʻO ka toad, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he ʻuʻuku, kuʻekuʻe, a palaka. Piʻi ʻia kona kino kaumaha i ka honua, palahalaha kona poʻo, pōkole kona mau wāwae a nāwaliwali. ʻO ia ke kumu e neʻe ai ka moʻo me ka ʻaneʻane kolo, i kekahi manawa wale nō ka lele kaumaha.
• Inā ʻoe e nānā pono i nā maka o ka toad, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kāna haumāna, ʻaʻole like me ka rana, ua elongated, e pili ana i ka nohona nocturnal.
• ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona maopopo loa e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka rana mai ka toad ʻo ia nā niho. Aneane nā ʻano rana a pau he niho liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole loaʻa i ka toads.

ola

Hoʻohana ka rana i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i loko o ka wai, e ʻimi ana i ke ao, makemake lākou e hopu i nā ʻōpala lele a i ʻole nā ​​manu liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka leo mele ahiahi, hiamoe lākou a kakahiaka. ʻO ka toads, ma kahi ʻē, peʻe i ka lepo i ka lā, a hele i ka hahai holoholona i ka po, me ka leʻaleʻa nui i ka ʻai ʻana i nā slugs, beetles, larvae a me nā anuhe, ma ke ala, hāʻawi i ke kōkua nui i ka poʻe i ka hakakā ʻana i nā pōpoki o nā māla a me nā māla.

Ka hana hou

Hoʻohua nā rana a me nā toads ma ka waiho ʻana i nā hua. Inā lana nā puʻupuʻu slimy ma ka ʻili o ka waihona, a laila ʻo ka caviar kēia i waiho ʻia e kahi rana. Hoʻohua nā toads ma ke ʻano o nā kaula lōʻihi e ʻōwili ai i nā ʻōpala limu. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau ʻano no ka mālama pono ʻana i nā keiki.

No ka laʻana, he koʻo kāne, maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, nā kaula makani me nā hua ma ka wāwae a noho i loko o ka lua lepo, e kali ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻōhua, a laila lawe ʻo ia i nā hua i loko o kahi waihona. A ʻike ʻia ka ʻelele o nā toads mai ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i nā hua i loko o kahi kaumaha kūikawā ma kona kua. Hāʻawi kēia i nā manawa hou aku no ke ola ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio, no ka mea he nui nā mea aloha i ka caviar hou e noho ana i ka wai.

He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo nā toads a me nā rana e noho ana ma waena o nā latitudes ʻaʻole i pōʻino wale i ke kanaka, akā pono nō hoʻi, ʻoiai, inā ʻoe e nānā pono iā lākou, ʻike ʻoe he nani loa lākou.