ʻO ka 10 nui loa ma ka honua

No ka ʻohana o nā ʻinikena e noho ana nā ʻanuʻu. He mau castes ko lākou: nā wahine ʻēheu a me nā kāne, nā mea ʻēheu ʻole. Ua kapa ʻia ko lākou mau hale noho he anthills. Kūkulu lākou ia mau mea ma ka lepo, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma ka lāʻau.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 14 tausani mau ʻano o nā ʻanoʻano, ʻokoʻa kekahi o ko lākou nui. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma mua o 260 mau ʻano ma ko mākou ʻāina. Noho lākou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa koe ʻo Iceland, Antarctica a me Greenland.

He mea liʻiliʻi a he mea ʻole ka nui o nā aneto nui o ka honua iā mākou, akā nui kā lākou kuleana i ke ola o ka honua. Kōkua lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā pests. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka meaʻai. Hoʻokuʻu a hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia mau ʻōpala i ka lepo, hoʻonui i ka huahana ma nā wahi me kahi ea wela.

10 Nothomyrmecia macrops, 5-7 мм

He ʻano o kekahi o nā ʻanoʻano mua loa e noho ana ma Australia. Ua ʻike mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1931, i wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1934. Ua hoʻāʻo kekahi mau huakaʻi o nā ʻepekema e ʻimi i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i mea e aʻo ai i nā kikoʻī hou aku, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana. Ua ʻike hou ʻia lākou i ka makahiki 1977.

Nothomyrmecia macrops ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻano nui, mai 9,7 a 11 mm ka lōʻihi. He ʻohana liʻiliʻi ko lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi mai 50 a 100 mau limahana. ʻAi lākou i nā arthropods a me nā mea huna ʻono o nā pepeke homopterous.

Ua koho lākou e noho ma nā wahi ʻoluʻolu o South Australia, nā ululāʻau eucalyptus. He liʻiliʻi loa nā puka komo pūnana, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 4-6 mm ākea, no laila paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻia, me ka ʻole o nā puʻu a me nā waiho lepo i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻōpala lau.

9. Myrmecocystus, 10-13 мм

Noho kēia ʻano ant ma nā ʻāina wao nahele o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Mekiko. Hiki iā lākou ke melemele a ʻeleʻele paha. Aia lākou i ka ʻano o nā ʻano meli meli, nona ka pūʻulu o nā limahana me ka lako o ka meaʻai wai wai i loko o nā mea kanu pehu. ʻO kēia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā barela ant.

Myrmecocystus ʻai ka poʻe kamaʻāina. Hopu a ʻai ka poʻe Mekiko Mekiko i nā ʻanuʻu limahana me ka ʻōpū piha, i kapa ʻia ʻo “nā pahu meli“. Ma muli o ko lākou nui nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke neʻe a hūnā ma ke kaupaku o nā keʻena pūnana hohonu. ʻO nā ana - mai 8-9 mm i nā kāne, a i 13-15 mm i nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana - 4,5 - 9 mm.

8. ʻO Cephalotes, 3-14 mm

Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka inoa o kēia ant ma ke ʻano he “manamana poʻo palahalaha“. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America. He ʻanoi lāʻau kēia, me nā ʻohana lehulehu. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa mai ka nui o nā limahana hana a hiki i 10 tausani.

Makemake lākou e noho i loko o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau, ma nā alahele a me nā lua i ʻai ʻia e nā iniseti ʻē aʻe. Inā hāʻule wale lākou mai kahi lālā mai, hiki iā lākou ke parachute ma luna o ke kumu o ka mea kanu hoʻokahi. No lākou i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻino ʻino ʻole i hiki ke noho pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai kēia ʻohana.

ʻAi lākou i ke kino, ka nectar pua hou, a me ka pollen kanu. Loaʻa lākou i kekahi manawa ma ke kō a me nā kumu protein, ma ka ʻili manu. ʻO Cephalotes ua ʻike ʻia e ka mea ʻepekema Pelekane ʻo F. Smith i ka makahiki 1860.

7. Camponotus herculeanus, 10-15 mm

Nui kēia ʻano. Kāhea ʻia ʻo ia ant nunui or ʻanuʻu ʻulaʻula - ululāʻau. He ʻeleʻele nā ​​wahine a me nā kāne, ʻo ke koena he poʻo ʻeleʻele a me ka umauma ʻulaʻula. ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo nui loa o Rusia.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia wahine a i ʻole nā ​​koa a hiki i 2 knm ka lōʻihi. Hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā ululāʻau o ʻEulopa: mai ka ʻĀkau ʻĀsia a hiki i ke komohana Siberia. Camponotus herculeanus hana lākou i ko lākou mau pūnana i loko o ka lāʻau o ka spruce maʻi a make paha, ka fir, a me ka pine i kekahi manawa. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻōpala a hōʻiliʻili i ka meli meli. ʻO nā ans iā lākou iho he meaʻai punahele nā ​​woodpeckers.

6. Camponotus vagus, 6-16 мм

He ʻano ant nui i hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ululāʻau o ʻĀsia akau a me ʻEulopa. ʻO kēia nahele nahele me kahi kino ʻeleʻele ʻālohilohi kekahi o nā mea nui loa i ka fauna o Rūsia. Hiki i nā wāhine a me nā koa ke ulu a hiki i ka 15 mm, akā hiki ke liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe - mai 6 a 17 mm.

Makemake lākou e noho ma nā wahi ākea o ka ululāʻau: ma nā ʻaoʻao, nā ʻāʻī, nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahiko o nā ululāʻau deciduous a hui pū ʻia. Camponotus vagus makemake lākou i nā wahi mālamalama maikaʻi me ka lepo one, noho ma lalo o ka lāʻau maloʻo, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma lalo o nā pōhaku.

Aia ko lākou anthill ma luna o nā kumu, nā koena lāʻau. I loko o kahi panalāʻau, aia mai 1 tausani a 4 tausani mau kānaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o 10 tausani. He mau pepeke ko'iko'i a wikiwiki keia e pale ikaika ana i ko lakou punana.

5. Paraponera clavate, 28-30 mm

ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā ʻanoʻano ʻano nui, hiki ke unuhi ʻia kona inoa ʻo “poka poka“. He ʻokoʻa lākou mai ko lākou ʻohana, he ʻawaʻawa lākou, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ko lākou ʻawaʻawa ma mua o ko ka nalo a me ka nalo.

ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia mau pepeke ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ululāʻau humid a me nā ululāʻau. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā ʻohana ʻana i nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa. paraponera clavate i wehewehe mua ʻia e ka Danish zoologist Johann Fabricius i ka makahiki 1775. ʻO kēia nā ʻōpala brownish-ʻeleʻele e ulu ana a hiki i 18-25 mm. Ma hoʻokahi ʻohana mai 1 tausani a 2,5 tausani kanaka hana.

Aia nā aneto lepo ma ke kumu o nā kumulāʻau. Aia ma kahi o 1 mau ʻāpana o kēia mau ʻona no 4 ha o ka nahele. ʻAi lākou i nā arthropods, nectar, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā lei aliʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi maʻi lōʻihi (a hiki i 3,5 mm) a me ka lāʻau make. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻeha ma hope o ka nahu ʻana i ka lā, no laila ua kapa ʻia kēia pepeke "ant - 24 hola".

4. Dorylus nigricans 9-30 mm

I loko o ʻApelika tropical, i loko o kahi ululāʻau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia ʻano o nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Kū lākou no ko lākou nui: nā limahana - mai 2,5 a 9 mm, nā koa - a hiki i 13 mm, kāne - 30 mm, a me nā wahine a hiki i 50 mm.

I loko o hoʻokahi ʻohana ʻO Dorylus nigricans - a hiki i 20 miliona kanaka. He ʻano ʻono loa kēia e ʻai ana i nā arthropod ola a make, a hiki ke hopu i nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians.

ʻAʻohe o lākou pūnana mau. I ke ao, neʻe lākou, a i ka pō, ʻike lākou i kahi malu no ka manawa. Hiki i kahi kolamu nomadic ke hiki i nā ʻumi mau mika. Inā he mau keakea ma ke ala, hana lākou i "mau alahaka" mai ko lākou kino.

3. Camponotus gigas, 18-31 mm

Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano nui loa ma nā wao ua nui o Thailand, Indonesia, a me Malaysia. Pili ka nui i ke ʻano o ke kanaka. ʻO nā kāne liʻiliʻi loa, mai 18 a 20 mm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā limahana - mai 19 a 22 mm, nā koa - 28 -30 mm, a me nā mōʻī wahine - mai 30 a 31 mm.

Camponotus gigas kala ʻeleʻele. ʻAi lākou i nā mea huna meli a me ke kō, nā huaʻai, nā pepeke, a me kekahi mau hua. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana i ka pō, i kekahi manawa - i ke ao. Noho lākou ma ka lepo, ma ke kumu o nā kumulāʻau, i kekahi manawa ma ka lāʻau popopo.

2. Dinoponera, 20-40 mm

I loko o nā ululāʻau o Peru, Brazil, he mea maʻamau kēia ʻano o nā ʻeleʻele ʻālohilohi. I loko o hoʻokahi ʻohana Dinoponera he mau kakini kanaka, i kekahi manawa - ma luna o 100.

ʻAi lākou i nā arthropod make, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua ʻono, a hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā moʻo, nā rana, a me nā moa i kā lākou ʻai.

Noho lākou ma ka lepo. ʻO nā ʻōpena makaʻu, inā ʻike lākou i ka pōʻino, makemake lākou e peʻe. Inā loaʻa nā kānaka mai nā pūnana like ʻole, aia paha nā hakakā "hōʻike", akā ʻaʻole maʻamau lākou e hiki i nā hakakā kino, ʻoi aku ka make.

1. Myrmecia pavida, 30-40 mm

Kapa ʻia lākou “nā ʻīlio bulldog“. Noho lākou ma Western Australia, i kekahi manawa ma Australia Hema. ʻO ka maʻamau ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, ʻeleʻele, ʻālohilohi, hahau koke.

ʻAi lākou i nā ʻōpala a me nā mea huna kō. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana ma nā wahi maloʻo, ma ka lepo. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻona a me ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa e pili ana i ke kanaka. Ina a Ua makaʻu ʻo Myrmecia ʻeha, hiki ke hana i ka haʻalulu anaphylactic. I loko o kahi kolone - a hiki i nā haneli he nui.