Nā mea kanu, nā manu a me nā holoholona o nā wao nahele Arctic: Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka noho a me ke ʻano o ke ola

ʻO ka Arctic Desert, ka ʻākau loa o nā ʻāpana kūlohelohe a pau, he ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana ʻāina ʻo Arctic a aia ma nā latitu o ka Arctic, e holo ana mai Wrangel Island a i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Franz Josef Land. ʻO kēia ʻāpana, kahi o nā mokupuni a pau o ka Arctic Basin, ua uhi nui ʻia me nā glaciers a me ka hau, a me nā ʻāpana pōhaku a me nā ʻōpala.

Wao nahele Arctic: kahi, ke aniau a me ka lepo

ʻO ke aniau Arctic ka hoʻoilo lōʻihi a paʻakikī kauwela anu pōkole ʻaʻohe kau hoʻololi a me ka hau hau. I ke kauwela, hiki ʻole ke ea wela i ka 0 ° C, ua pinepine ka ua me ka hau, ua uhi ʻia ka lewa me nā ao hina, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā noe mānoanoa ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ikaika ʻana o ka wai kai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻino e pili ana i ka wela haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā latitu kiʻekiʻe, a ma muli o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka wela mai ka ʻili o ka hau a me ka hau. No kēia kumu, he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi nā holoholona e noho ana i ka wao nahele Arctic mai nā ʻelele o ka fauna e noho ana ma nā latitu continental - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana e ola ai i loko o nā kūlana climatic paʻakikī.

ʻO ka wahi glacier-free o ka Arctic ka mea maoli uhi ʻia i ka hau, no laila, aia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo i ka pae mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a lawe ʻia i loko o kahi papa maikaʻi ʻole, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili o ka manganese a me ka hao oxides. Ma nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku like ʻole, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hao-manganese, e hoʻoholo ai i ke kala o ka lepo wao nahele polar, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāina solonchak e hoʻokumu ʻia i nā wahi kahakai.

ʻAʻohe mau pōhaku nui a me nā pōhaku nui ma ka Arctic, akā ʻo nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ke one a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻo nā concretions spherical kaulana o ke one a me ke silika, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā spherulites, aia ma aneʻi.

Nā mea kanu o ka wao akua

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka Arctic a me ka tundra, aia i loko o ka tundra ka hiki ke ola no ka nui o nā mea ola e hiki ke hānai i kāna mau makana, a ma ka wao nahele Arctic he mea hiki ʻole ke hana i kēia. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻohe kanaka ʻōiwi ma ka ʻāina o nā mokupuni Arctic a ʻoi loa liʻiliʻi nā ʻelele o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

ʻAʻohe o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau ka ʻāina o ka wao nahele Arctic, aia kahi kaʻawale mai kēlā me kēia a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi me nā lichens a me nā mosses o nā pōhaku, a me nā ʻano algae lepo pōhaku. Ua like kēia mau mokupuni liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu me kahi oasis ma waena o nā ākea pau ʻole o ka hau a me ka hau. ʻO nā ʻelele wale nō o nā mea kanu herbaceous he sedge a me nā mauʻu, a ʻo nā mea kanu pua he saxifrage, polar poppy, alpine foxtail, ranunculus, grains, bluegrass a me arctic pike.

Na holoholona hihiu o ka wao nahele Arctic

He ʻilihune nā holoholona honua o ka ʻāina ʻākau ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā ʻelele wale nō o ka honua holoholona o ka wao hau he manu a me kekahi mau mammals.

ʻO nā manu maʻamau:

• nā lālā tundra;
• nā koʻo;
• nā pueo keʻokeʻo;
• nā luo;
• pahu;
• ʻakaʻaka;
• nā hopena make;
• nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe;
• nā burgosters;
• ʻanuʻu;
• hoi mai

Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe noho mau o ka lani Arctic, ʻike ʻia nā manu lele ma ʻaneʻi. Ke hiki mai ka lā ma ka ʻākau, a piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka ea, hiki mai nā manu mai ka taiga, tundra a me nā latitudes continental i ka Arctic, no laila, ʻeleʻele geese, keʻokeʻo-huelo sandpipers, keʻokeʻo geese, brown-winged plovers, ringed beetles. ʻIke mau ʻia nā ʻōpala uka a me nā dunlin mai ke kahakai o ka Moana Arctic. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu, hoʻi nā ʻano manu i luna i nā ʻano wela o nā latitu hema.

Ma waena o nā holoholona, ​​hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale na lunamakaainana penei:

• reindeer;
• lemmings;
• Bea keʻokeʻo;
• ʻO Hares
• sila;
• walruses;
• nā ʻīlio hae arctic;
• Nā alopeke Arctic;
• nā bipi musk;
• kanaka keʻokeʻo;
• narwhals.

Ua manaʻo lōʻihi ka polar bear i ka hōʻailona nui o ka Arctic, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ʻano semi-aquatic, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe ʻokoʻa a me ka nui o ka poʻe o ka wao nahele paʻakikī he mau manu kai e hoʻomoe ana ma nā kahakai anuanu i ke kauwela, a laila e hoʻokumu ʻia ai "nā manu manu".

Ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā holoholona i ke aniau arctic

ʻO nā holoholona a pau i luna koi ʻia e hoʻololi i ke ola i loko o ia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, no laila loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona adaptive kūʻokoʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina Arctic ka hiki ke mālama i ke aupuni wela. No ke ola ʻana i loko o kahi ʻano paʻakikī, ʻo ia ka hana e pono ai nā holoholona e hoʻokō pono. No ka laʻana, hoʻopakele ʻia nā ʻalopeke arctic a me nā bea polar mai ka hau e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka hulu mehana a mānoanoa, kōkua ka hulu manu i nā manu, a no nā sila, mālama ko lākou papa momona.

ʻO kahi hoʻopakele hou aʻe o ka honua holoholona mai ke anuanu Arctic koʻikoʻi ma muli o ke kala ʻano i loaʻa koke i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hoʻoilo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻelele āpau o ka fauna, e pili ana i ke kau, ke hoʻololi i ke kala i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou e ke ʻano, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka polar bear ka mea nona ka hulu keʻokeʻo hau i nā kau āpau. ʻO ka pigmentation maoli o nā predators kekahi mau mea maikaʻi - hiki iā lākou ke hahai pono a hānai i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā kamaʻāina hoihoi o ka hohonu hau o ka Arctic

1. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa o ka hohonu hau - narwhal, he iʻa nui i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tona a me ka hapa, a hiki i ʻelima mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o kēia mea i manaʻo ʻia he kiwi lōʻihi e hū mai ana i waho o ka waha, ʻo ia hoʻi he niho, ʻaʻole naʻe e hana i kāna mau hana.
2. ʻO ka beluga (polar dolphin) ka mammal Arctic ʻē aʻe, e noho ana ma kahi hohonu o ka moana a ʻai wale i nā iʻa.
3. ʻO ka pōʻino loa o nā mea ʻaihue ma lalo o ka wai ʻo ka kohola pepehi kanaka, ʻaʻole wale i nā kānaka liʻiliʻi o nā wai ʻākau a me nā kahakai, akā ʻo nā kohola beluga.
4. ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona kaulana loa o ka ʻāina wao nahele ʻo Arctic nā sila, e hōʻike ana i kahi heluna kanaka kaʻawale me ka nui o nā subspecies. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā sila he flippers, kahi e pani ai i nā lālā hope o nā mammals, e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke neʻe a puni nā wahi i uhi ʻia i ka hau me ka pilikia ʻole.
5. ʻO ka walrus, ka pili pili loa o nā sila, he mau niho ʻoi, mahalo iā ia e ʻoki maʻalahi i ka hau a lawe i ka meaʻai mai ka hohonu o ke kai a ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻai ka walrus ʻaʻole i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā ʻo nā sila pū kekahi.