Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio

Breed, phenotype, mestizo a i ʻole "nobleman" - ʻo wai ka mea i ka honua ʻīlio

ʻO ka hōʻoia kūhelu o ka maʻemaʻe o ka holoholona ʻo ia kona moʻopuna. Me ka ʻole o ia, ʻaʻohe kuleana o kēlā me kēia ʻīlio, ʻoiai inā kūpono ia i nā kūlana o nā hui cynological.

Pedigree – he kāleka i ʻike ʻia ai kēia mau ʻike: nā inoa kapakapa o ka ʻīlio a me kona mau mākua, hōʻike i nā poʻo inoa a me nā helu i loaʻa i nā mea hana lepo i ko lākou ola ʻana, ke kāne a me ka lā hānau o ka ʻīlio, stigma, nā inoa inoa o nā kūpuna (ka liʻiliʻi 3. nā hanauna).

ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi ʻīlio me ka ʻole o ka moʻopuna ma ke ʻano he pooch, no ka mea, no nā holoholona me kahi kūlana kūpono (a i kekahi manawa kūpono) i waho, he inoa ʻokoʻa nā mea hānai - he phenotype. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kahi pipi phenotypic a me kahi pipi pedigree he palapala i hoʻokumu ʻole ʻia. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻīlio ke loaʻa i nā kūpuna kūpono e pili ana i ka pool pool, akā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia a ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou ke kuleana e hānau.

ʻO nā ʻīlio i hānau ʻia ma muli o ka male ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻelua he mestizos. ʻElua mau ʻāpana o nā mestizos - hānau ʻia ma ke ʻano, a ma lalo o ka mana o ke kanaka (intentional crossing of breeds). ʻO kahi nuance koʻikoʻi: hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻīlio wale nō mai nā mea hana me nā palapala kumu.

He ʻekolu a ʻoi aʻe nā ʻano ʻano o ka mongrel. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā kūpuna o ka holoholona ke lilo i poʻe maʻemaʻe, a me nā mestizos, a me nā mongrels ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke kau ʻia ka "noble brand" i nā puppies, ʻo kekahi o kāna mau mākua he maʻemaʻe me ka pedigree, a ʻo ka lua he kanaka maʻamau o nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi brand / chip e maʻalahi i ka hana, ʻoiai ʻo kahi ʻīlio me kēlā "passport" hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi loea e heluhelu maʻalahi i ka ʻikepili mai nā hōʻailona i loaʻa. Me ka unchip "huelo" ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea i pāpā i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻīlio i kahi cynologist nāna e hoʻokele i kahi hoʻokolokolo a laila e ʻike i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha mau pūʻulu e hoʻomalu i ka phenotype o ka holoholona. Akā ʻaneʻane nui loa ka hewa o ia hoʻokolohua.

Wahi a nā ʻikepili, ʻo 27 wale nō nā mea mālama ʻīlio mai 100 i kūleʻa i ka ʻike pololei ʻana i nā ʻano i hāʻawi i kā lākou mau genes i kahi holoholona mestizo (ke kamaʻilio nei mākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e pili ana i kahi loiloi ʻike).

Mai ka paʻakikī o ka "ʻike", ua kū mai kahi nīnau kūlohelohe: no ke aha e ʻike ai i ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio, inā ʻaʻole ia e lilo i hōkū o nā hōʻikeʻike a me nā hōʻike ʻīlio? Hōʻike nā Breeders i kēia ma ka ʻike ʻana i ke kumu genetic o kahi holoholona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana i kona olakino. ʻO ia: e hōʻike i ka predisposition i nā maʻi hoʻoilina. E like me ka laʻana, ʻo ka brachycephalic ocular and obstructive respiratory syndrome ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻano me nā muzzles pōkole (brachycephals), a me ko lākou ʻohana pili loa, a ʻaʻole loa, nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana canine ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoholo pono ʻana i kāna ʻano. ʻO nā ʻāpana like ʻole, nā hoʻololi kala, ka ulu ʻole ʻana, ke ʻano o nā kiko ma ke kapa (Dalmatians) - ʻo kēia mau mea āpau, hiki ʻole i nā puppies, hoʻolohi wale i ke kaʻina hana. No laila, inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi pipi me ka ʻole o nā palapala, e lawe mālie i kāna mau hoʻololi e pili ana i ka makahiki - ʻaʻole hiki ke wānana i ka mea a ke pēpē i kūʻai ai "mai nā lima" e ulu ai. Ma muli o ka hilinaʻi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio mai 6 mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe cynologists i manaʻo i ka makahiki hoʻokahi o ka holoholona i mea maikaʻi loa.

Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻano o ka ʻīlio makua ma nā hōʻailona waho

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho ma ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, e pili ana i kahi puke kuhikuhi a i ʻole maʻamau maʻamau. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe me nā "aliʻi" i ka hanauna nth, ʻaʻole e holo kēia kumukānāwai - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kahi hui o nā genes i loko o kā lākou phenotype. Akā i kahi kūlana me nā mestizos, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka manawa o ka "ʻike" kūleʻa.

Ma ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha

Aia i ka honua ʻīlio kona mau pilikua, waena a me nā dwarf. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo RKF i 3 mau ʻano pōhaku nui e like me ka nui o kā lākou ʻelele.

Large

ʻO nā ʻīlio me ke kiʻekiʻe o 60 cm i ka maloʻo a me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 25-30 kg. ʻO nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa: East European Shepherd Dog, Briard, Maremma-Abruzzo Shepherd Dog, American Bulldog, Doberman, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Black Russian Terrier, Giant Schnauzer, Alaskan Malamute, etc.

ʻO nā ʻīlio nui a pau

ʻawelike

ʻO nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi he mau ʻīlio mai ka 40 a 60 cm i ka maloʻo me ke kaumaha ma ka laulā o 12-25 kg. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka RKF ma ke ʻano he medium: French Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Russian Spaniel, Pharaoh Hound, Chow Chow, East Siberian Laika, Welsh Terrier, Border Collie, American Stafford, Bull Terrier, Thai Ridgeback, Beagle, etc.

ʻO nā ʻīlio waena a pau

uuku

Ma waena o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau pūʻulu nui: nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi (kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 40 cm; ke kaumaha - a hiki i 10-12 kg), dwarf (kiʻekiʻe i ka maloʻo - a hiki i 35 cm; ke kaumaha o ke kino - a hiki i 5 kg. ), toi (kiʻekiʻe - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 28 knm; ke kaumaha - i loko o 2 kg). ʻO nā "pēpē" maʻamau: Pinscher liʻiliʻi, Yorkshire Terrier, ʻīlio lauoho ʻole Mekiko, Belgian Griffon, Pug, ʻīlio Crested Pākē, Russian Toy Terrier, Chihuahua, Maltese, Petit Brabancon, Papillon, Japanese Chin, Tibetan Spaniel, Coton de Tulear, Manchester Terrier etc. .

ʻO nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi a pau

Ma ke ʻano o nā pepeiao

ʻO ka nui, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka lole pepeiao ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi nui e hiki ke haʻi nui i nā "aʻa" o ka holoholona.

Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻokoʻa paha nā pepeiao i ke alo / ʻaʻohe o nā hulu hoʻonani. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻaʻole hiki ke huikau ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona: papillon, Russian long-haired toy terrier, briar.

Ma ka lōʻihi o ka waha

ʻO ke alahaka lōʻihi o ka ihu i nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano sniffer papa mua. ʻOiai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia hiʻohiʻona anatomical i loko o nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana hahai holoholona.

Nā ʻano me nā ihu lōʻihi:

A ʻoiaʻiʻo, mai poina e pili ana i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana canine "polar" - brachycephals. No laila, inā he puʻupuʻu pōkole a palahalaha paha kāu ʻīlio, aia paha i loko o kāna code genetic i ʻike ʻia:

Life hack no ka poʻe makemake: i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio ma ka lōʻihi o ka waha, mai poina e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kua o ka ihu. ʻO kahi laʻana: ʻaneʻane like ka lōʻihi o nā muzzles o ka bull terrier a me ka hound Afghan, akā ʻokoʻa loa lākou.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka huelo

ʻO nā huelo i ke ʻano o ka corkscrew māmā ke ʻano o Chow Chow, Pug a me Akita Inu. ʻO ka huelo-hae, kū pololei, he hōʻailona ʻike o nā beagles. ʻO ke ʻano o ka makau me ka piko liʻiliʻi i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia he puʻupuʻu pedigree o Briards a me Pyrenean Shepherds. ʻO ka huelo ʻiole, e like me ka Irish Water Spaniel, he kumu ikaika, huluhulu, a me ka piko lahilahi i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa i ka Labrador Retriever ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo otter huelo: mānoanoa ma ke kumu, liʻiliʻi i ka piko a palahalaha ma lalo.

ʻO nā Bull Terriers nā mea nona nā huelo ākea, i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā koʻokoʻo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻike he ʻano like me ka ʻuu pi. ʻO ke apo ma ka piko o ka huelo no ka hapa nui o nā ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he hemahema conformation koʻikoʻi, akā ʻaʻole no ka Afghan Hound, kahi ʻano "hoʻolālā" kahi ʻano kuhikuhi. No Siberian Huskies ka huelo Crescent. ʻO nā huelo squirrel, kūlou ʻoi i mua, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka Pekingese.

E like me ka lōʻihi a me ke ʻano o ke kapa

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻaʻahu e hōʻemi nui i ka laulā o ka ʻimi ʻana. Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe Cynologists i 6 mau ʻano nui o nā "ʻaʻahu" ʻīlio:

• ʻano hihiu - elongated lauoho ma ka ʻāʻī, kino, huelo a pōkole ma nā wāwae a me ke poʻo;
• lauoho pōkole - ʻaʻahu ʻaʻahu maʻemaʻe ma ke kino me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kapa lalo a ʻaʻole paha;
• lauoho uea - ʻano ʻano lauoho koʻikoʻi, ʻulaʻula a spindle paha, e hana ana i ka leka uila pale ma ke kino o ka holoholona;
• ka lauoho lōʻihi - he silky ke kapa, e kau pinepine ana i ka fringe, hiki ke maʻalahi a iʻole ka'ōwili.

I loko o nā ʻano hulu hipa nui, aia nā subspecies.

ʻīlio lauoho ʻole - Kaʻi Kina, Xoloitzcuintle, American Hairless Terrier, Ecuadorian Hairless, Abyssinian Sand Terrier, Peruvian Inca Orchid, Deerhound (ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā hui cynological), Manchurian Hairless.

lauoho lauwili - Great Dane, Doberman, Dalmatian, Cane Corso, Boxer, Ca de Bo, Italian Greyhound, Pharaoh Hound, etc.

Nā kānaka me ka ʻili pelu - Sharpei, Neapolitan Mastiff, Pug.

ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi me ke kapa liʻiliʻi – Kina Kepani.

Ka lauoho loloa me ke kapa lalo nui – Pekingese.

ʻO nā holoholona me ka lauoho ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻia - nā pōkā, komondor, kahu bergama.

Uea lauoho me kahi ʻano uhi pōkole – ʻo ka ʻalopeke huluhulu ʻoluʻolu, ʻo Hungarian vizsla.

ʻO ke kapa ʻaʻahu o ka lōʻihi waena – schnauzer maʻamau, ʻo Irish terrier.

ʻīlio me ka lauoho ʻōniʻoniʻo - Airedale Terrier, Welsh Terrier.

ʻO nā kānaka me ka lauoho lauoho pōkole – Mea hoʻihoʻi i uhi ʻia ʻo Curly.

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Central Asian Shepherd Dog he mea nona ka ʻaʻahu ʻano hihiu. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā cynologists i kahi subtype hou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻīlio ākea ākea me ka lauoho palupalu a mānoanoa loa (bobtails).

Ma ke kala

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻano o nā ʻīlio me nā ʻano kala ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, he ʻike maʻamau ʻo ka kala merle ʻaneʻane mau ka Bull Terrier, Pit Bull, Aussie a me Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea hana me kona ʻano a pau e like me ka Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, akā me kahi kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā hōʻailona chestnut, a laila me ka 99,9% hiki iā ʻoe ke Blenheim i mua ou.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: no ka mea, ʻaʻole he pāʻani ʻino ʻole nā ​​genes nā ʻano kala, ua pāpā ʻia kekahi o lākou mai ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kapu no nā hoʻokolohua hoʻoulu ʻana no nā poʻe albino, a me nā ʻīlio o ka lole Isabella. Nui nō hoʻi nā kapu o nā kala merle, ʻaʻole naʻe no nā ʻano ʻano āpau.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano: hoʻoholo mākou i ka ʻano ma ke ʻano

ʻO ke ʻano, i hōʻike ʻia e nā cynologists e like me ka mea hiki ʻole ke hilinaʻi ʻia, hana pū kekahi i kekahi manawa. ʻOi loa inā ua haʻi ka ʻīlio i nā maʻamau o nā ʻelele o ka pua i manaʻo ʻia. Inā hōʻike ʻia ka mea ʻeli maoli i ka holoholona, ​​​​hiki iā ia ke laki wale me nā genes terrier. ʻO ka poʻe makemake e "ʻai" i nā mea āpau a me nā huelo i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio kahu hipa - nā collies, shelties, corgis.

ʻO nā mamo a nā ʻīlio hahai holoholona e ʻona i ka noho ʻana o nā pōpoki a puni, a me nā moa, inā he. ʻO nā mea aloha o nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe, ma ke ʻano he mau dachshunds, ratlicks, cairn a me jack russell terriers, a me nā schnauzers liʻiliʻi. ʻO St. Bernards, Golden Retrievers, Pugs, Papillons, Poodles a me Labradors e makemake mau i ka "pēpē" a me kāu mau keiki. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi "kanaka noho mālie", ʻike ʻia paha nā ʻelele o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kona mau kūpuna - Basenji, American Akita, Shiba Inu, Rhodesian Ridgeback, Afghan Hound, Greyhound.

Genetic Code: Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Pedigree ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana

Ma Rūsia, hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻāʻo DNA o nā ʻīlio e kekahi mau laboratories i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO nā kaʻina hana kaulana loa no nā cynologists he hoʻāʻo e hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina a hoʻokumu i kahi moʻo. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia mau haʻawina e lilo i ʻinikua e kūʻē i nā mea hānai ʻole. Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻīlio me ka palapala ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna i ka biomaterial o ka holoholona a me kona mau mākua i ka hale hana (e like me ka mea kūʻai aku) e hōʻoia e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi holoholona mai nā mea hana i hōʻike ʻia.