Pehea ka ʻīlio e ʻike ai i ko mākou honua a me nā kala. Nā laʻana kiʻi

He aha nā kala a nā ʻīlio e ʻike pono ai?

ʻO ka stereotype ʻo ka honua o ka ʻīlio he kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paʻa i luku ʻia i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻia kēia me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo. No laila, i ka wā i puka mai ai kahi ʻatikala maʻamau e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻīlio i ka Daily Mail, mahalo nui ʻia kekahi mau mea aloha holoholona.

ʻO nā kiʻi o kahi hui i hoʻonohonoho i ka huakaʻi no ka poʻe me nā holoholona i hoʻoikaika i ka poʻe nūpepa e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka "ʻike o ka honua" e nā holoholona. Ma ke kiʻi, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana huakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ma o nā maka o nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio. Nui ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ua ʻike ka poʻe veterinarians ma kekahi mau ʻano ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui nā mea hana. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ka ʻoihana kūʻai: ua piʻi nui ka holo ʻana o ka mea kūʻai aku o ka hui, a ua ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻīlio i ka ʻike o kā lākou mau papa ponoʻī.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻike nā mea hoʻolaha i nā ʻike ʻepekema, akā ua kāʻei wale i ka ʻike kaulana i kahi "wrapper" kupaianaha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi nā holoholona i nā kala, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka palette i loaʻa iā lākou ma mua o ke kanaka, ʻike ʻia e kēlā me kēia ʻīlio nona ka ʻike liʻiliʻi loa i ka hana o ka naʻau o ka holoholona. ʻO ke kumu o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ʻulaʻula ʻo ia ka helu o nā mea ʻike maka i loaʻa ma ka retina (cones). ʻEkolu ʻano kanaka. ʻElua wale nō ʻīlio.

No kāu ʻike: inā ʻoe e hilinaʻi i nā helu kikoʻī, a laila loaʻa i ke kanaka ka nui o 6 miliona mau ʻike maka, he 1,2 miliona ka ʻīlio.

Ma muli o ka ʻike dichromatic ʻaʻole ʻike ka "huelo" i ka ʻulaʻula. No nā'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia e nā'īlio,ʻo ke kumu maʻaneʻiʻaʻole ka helu o nā cones ma ka retina, akāʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o nā'īlio'īlioʻaʻole e komo i nā hui e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka leo'ōmaʻomaʻo like. ʻO ka hopena: i ke ao, ʻike ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a puni no kahi hoa huelo i ka melemele a me ka uliuli.

40 Nā Maluhinahina: Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike pō

ʻAʻole pili ka positivity a me ka saturation o nā kala i nā hoaaloha o ke kanaka. ʻIke nā holoholona i nā waihoʻoluʻu āpau i loaʻa i kā lākou mea hoʻokipa ma kahi ʻano leo ʻole. ʻO ia hoʻi, ke nānā aku nei ka ʻāina kūlohelohe a i ʻole ke kūlanakauhale a puni i ka puaʻa me he lā ʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu hina, i ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻīlio e hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ma mua o ka mea nona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻike kala, kūpono ka ʻīlio i ka pō a me ka pō.

ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka loaʻa ke kuleana no ka maopopo o ka "ʻike pō" - nā koʻokoʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio ma mua o nā kānaka. No laila, ʻoiai ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ka pōʻeleʻele ma ka paia no ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi hoʻololi, e nānā mālie ka holoholona i ka lumi holoʻokoʻa o kahi lumi kukui ʻole a ʻaʻole loa e ʻike i nā mea i loko.

Hoʻokani ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi pō i nā ʻīlio e ka tapetum - ka membrane reflective o ka maka, aia ma hope o ka retina. I ka pōʻeleʻele, "nā aniani" ka tapetum i nā photons i hele i loko o ka retina, akā nalo e nā koʻokoʻo. ʻO ka hopena, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea loaʻa i ka manawa lua e "hopu" i ka mālamalama. Inā huli hou mākou i nā helu, a laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka photosensitivity a me ka ʻike maka i ka pōʻeleʻele i loko o kahi ʻīlio ma kahi o 5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kanaka. Me ka makahiki, hiki ke ʻike pono i ka pō i nā holoholona. Ma muli o kēia, lele pinepine ka poʻe ʻelemakule i nā mea a makemake ʻole e piʻi i nā alapiʻi pali me ka pio ʻana o nā kukui.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻAʻole ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka hoʻomohala like ʻana o ka membrane reflective o ka maka. ʻO ka tapetum maikaʻi loa "hana" i nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano hahai holoholona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nui - i nā ʻīlio.

I ka wā maʻemaʻe, i ka wā e makapō ai ka lā a hoʻokuʻu i ka poʻe i kā lākou mau aniani, loaʻa hou i nā ʻīlio ka pōmaikaʻi. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka retina o nā holoholona he puaʻa ʻeleʻele e pale ai i ke komo ʻana o ka mālamalama nui. No laila, ʻoiai mākou e squint, ʻokoʻa loa nā holoholona e nānā i ka ʻāina a puni me ka ʻole o ka pilikia.

The Blur Effect: Pehea ka ʻoi o ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻīlio?

ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā maka o ka ʻīlio ʻo ka nele o kahi kiko melemele, ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka ʻike ʻike. No kēia kumu, ʻike ka holoholona olakino maʻamau i nā outlines o nā mea hoʻopuni i ʻoi aku ka pohihihi a me ka pohihihi ma mua o mākou. Ma ka awelika, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻike maka o nā ʻīlio he 3 mau manawa ma mua o ke kanaka, i uku ʻia e ka laulā o ke kahua o ka ʻike. I loko o ke kanaka, ma kahi o 180 °, i ka ʻīlio - 240-250 °. A he ʻikepili maʻamau kēia. I loko o nā brachycephals, nona nā waha ākea pōkole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike peripheral ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana me ka nui o ka ihu maʻamau. ʻO ka uhi ʻike ākea ākea i nā ʻano hahai holoholona, ​​​​ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona mau ʻelele, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa o nā maka ma mua o nā bulldogs like a me Pekingese.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻAʻole like me ke kanaka, no nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻike ke kumu nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka honua a puni lākou. ʻO ke ʻano o ka honi a me ka lohe ʻana e lawe mai i kahi holoholona i kahi kauoha o ka nui o ka ʻike pono ma mua o nā maka. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻole ai nā ʻīlio iā lākou iho i loko o ke aniani, a ʻo nā mea ola (nā kānaka, nā hoa ʻohana, nā mea pio) makemake e ʻike ma ke ʻala.

ʻO ka ʻike kokoke a me ka ʻike maka

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o nā hoaaloha o ke kanaka i ka honua me he mea lā ma o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ua hoʻāla i ka moʻolelo o ko lākou myopia. Eia naʻe, nā haʻawina i mālama ʻia e nā limahana o ka Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine a me Biotechnology i kapa ʻia ma hope. K. I. Scriabin, e hōʻike i nā ʻīlio i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike maka iki (i loko o 0,5 diopters). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe mākua e pili ana i ka hōʻailona like.

Mahalo i nā kaukani makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano predatory a me ka hopu holoholona, ​​​​hiki i nā ʻīlio ke hopu i kahi mea e neʻe ana ma kahi mamao me ko lākou mau maka. No ka laʻana: ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ke kanaka i kahi hare neʻe 700-900 m ka mamao, akā ʻo kahi ʻīlio kokoke i nā manawa a pau.

Ma kahi kokoke, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻīlio i ko ke kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka mea hoʻowalewale loa i lawe ʻia i ka maka o kahi holoholona e like me kahi wahi polū ʻē aʻe iā ia. ʻO ke kumu ʻo ka mamao maikaʻi loa no ka "ʻike" ʻike o kahi mea paʻa no nā ʻīlio ma kahi o 35 cm. Ke hoʻi nei i ke kumuhana o ka myopia, pono e hoʻohui ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano he genetically programmed. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā Labradors. Akā ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua loaʻa nā ʻelele a pau o ka ʻohana canine i ka myopia he hewa loa ia.

Nui ka poʻe hoihoi i ka ʻike ʻana o nā pōpoki a me nā pōpoki i ka honua. Loaʻa iā mākou ka pane i kēia nīnau! Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻāina iā ia ma ka ʻatikala: Pehea e ʻike ai nā pōpoki a me nā pōpoki i ko mākou honua.

ʻīlio a me ka TV

I mea e ʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ma ke ʻano he ʻano hiʻohiʻona mau, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano o nā kiʻi e pani ana kekahi i kekahi, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 20-50 Hz ua lawa no ke kanaka. No nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole lawa kēia, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i kā lākou mau kino o ka hihiʻo nā manaʻo like wale nō ma ke alapine o 75 Hz. No laila, no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole makemake nā holoholona i ke kīwī, no ka mea ua hāʻawi nā mea kahiko i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi a hiki i 60 Hz.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea hoʻokipa TV o kēia wā i ka helu hōʻano hou o 120 Hz. ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o ka lawa no ka ʻike o ka ʻīlio. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ka mea e hana nei ma ka pale o nā holoholona e hoʻopā liʻiliʻi, a inā e huki ka nānā ʻana, a laila no ka manawa pōkole loa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana wikiō i ʻike a lohe ai ka holoholona i kona ʻano ponoʻī.

pilikia ʻike ma nā ʻīlio

He mea kaumaha paha, akā nalowale nā ​​​​makamaka o ke kanaka i ko lākou mau maka. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ka makahiki o ka holoholona ke kumu o kēia. ʻO nāʻeha, nā maʻiʻeha o ka maka i mālamaʻoleʻia, nā maʻi, nā pilikia o ka pūnaewele endocrine, a hiki i ke koko kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka makapō hapa a iʻole ka makapō.

Pehea e maopopo ai ʻaʻole ʻike maikaʻi ka ʻīlio

• Ke neʻe nei i loko o ka lumi, hoʻāʻo ka holoholona e kū i ka paia.
• I ka neʻe ʻana, lele pinepine ka pipi i nā mea a puni.
• ʻAʻole makemake ka ʻīlio e hele i waho, ʻoiai ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hele wāwae.
• Piʻi nui ka makaʻu a me ka huhū o kahi hoa ʻehā wāwae i kahi kaiapuni hou.
• Ke hoʻoluliluli ʻoe i kou lima i mua o ka waha, ʻaʻole hana ka ʻīlio i kāu hana, a ʻaʻole neʻe kona mau maka ma hope o ka pāma.

ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa i kāu pipi me ka nalowale o ka ʻike. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani ma mua o ka pihi, no laila mai haʻalele i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau i ke keʻena holoholona.