E. Morales "Guinea pig: lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai a me nā holoholona hoʻomana i ka Andes"
Edmundo Morales
Ua lawe ʻia ka unuhi e Alexander Savin, Kauka o ka ʻepekema kino a me ka makemakika.
Aia ka unuhi mua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko A. Savin pūnaewele pilikino ma http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
Ua ʻae ʻo A. Savin iā mākou e hoʻolaha i kēia mea ma kā mākou pūnaewele. Mahalo nui iā ʻoe no kēia manawa kūpono!
MOKUNA I. Mai ka pipi a hiki i ka waiwai kuai
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻuala a me ke kulina a me nā holoholona e like me nā llamas a me nā kui i mea ʻai. Wahi a ka mea kālaihonua Peruvian Lumbreras, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kui kūloko, me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe ma Andes mai kahi o 5000 BC. ma kahi o Antiplano. Noho ʻia nā ʻano kui hihiu ma kēia wahi.
Куи (Guinea pig) He holoholona kapa hewa keia no ka mea, aole ia he puaa, aole no Guinea. ʻAʻole pili ia i ka ʻohana rodent. Ua hoʻohana ʻia paha ka huaʻōlelo Guinea ma kahi o ka huaʻōlelo like ʻo Guiana, ka inoa o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema kahi i lawe ʻia aku ai ke kui i ʻEulopa. Ua manaʻo paha ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua lawe ʻia mai nā kui mai ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelika Komohana o Guinea, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hema e nā moku lawe kauā mai Guinea mai. ʻO kekahi wehewehe ʻana e pili ana i ka kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā kui ma ʻEnelani no hoʻokahi guinea. ʻO ka guinea he kālā gula i paʻi ʻia ma ʻEnelani i ka makahiki 1663. Ma ʻEulopa, lilo koke ke kui i holoholona kaulana. ʻO ka Mōʻīwahine Elizabeth I ponoʻī he holoholona hoʻokahi, nāna i kōkua i ka laha wikiwiki ʻana.
Aia ma mua o 30 miliona kui ma Peru, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 miliona ma ʻEkuador, 700 ma Kolombia, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 miliona ma Bolivia. ʻO ka awelika kaumaha o ka holoholona he 750 grams, ʻo ka awelika lōʻihi he 30 knm (ʻokoʻa nā ana mai 20 a 40 cm).
ʻAʻohe huelo o Kui. Hiki i ka huluhulu ke palupalu a koʻikoʻi, pōkole a lōʻihi, pololei a me ka ʻili. ʻO nā kala maʻamau he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, hina, a me nā hui like ʻole. Kakaʻikahi loa ka ʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe. He nui loa ka holoholona. Hiki i ka wahine ke hāpai i ka makahiki ʻekolu mahina a laila i kēlā me kēia kanaonokumamālima a hiki i kanahikukūmālima lā. ʻOiai he ʻelua uʻi wale nō ka wahine, hiki iā ia ke hānau a hānai i ʻelima a ʻeono paha keiki, no ka nui o ka momona o ka waiū.
ʻO ka maʻamau he 2 a 4 mau puaʻa i loko o kahi papa, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka ʻewalu. Hiki ke ola ʻo Kui a hiki i ʻeiwa mau makahiki, akā ʻekolu makahiki ka awelika o ke ola. Hiki i nā wahine ʻehiku ke hoʻohua i 72 cubs i ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolukumamālima kilokani o ka ʻiʻo. ʻO kahi cuy Peruvian i ka makahiki ʻekolu mahina ke kaumaha ma kahi o 850 grams. Hiki i ka mea mahiʻai mai hoʻokahi kāne a he ʻumi wahine i ka makahiki ke loaʻa iā 361 holoholona. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai e hānai i nā holoholona no ka mākeke e kūʻai aku i nā wahine ma hope o kā lākou litter ʻekolu, no ka mea, ua nui kēia mau wahine a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 1 kilokani 200 grams a kūʻai ʻia ma ke kumu kūʻai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kāne a i ʻole nā wahine i loaʻa ʻole nā hua o ka makahiki like. Ma hope o ke kolu o ka litter, ʻai nā wahine hānai i ka nui o ka meaʻai a ʻoi aku ko lākou make i ka wā hānau.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia nā kui i nā ʻāpana mahana (nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe) kahi e hānai pinepine ʻia ai lākou i loko o ka hale e pale aku iā lākou mai ka ʻino o ka lewa. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke ola ma 30 ° C, ʻo ko lākou ʻāina kūlohelohe kahi e piʻi ai nā mahana mai 22 ° C i ke ao a 7 ° C i ka pō. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo Kui i nā mahana wela maikaʻi ʻole a kiʻekiʻe a wela koke i ka lā pololei. Hoʻopili maikaʻi lākou i nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa e like me nā wao ua o Amazon Basin, a me ke anuanu a me nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe.
Ma nā wahi a pau o Andes, kokoke i nā ʻohana a pau he iwakālua mau kui. Ma Andes, ma kahi o 90% o nā holoholona a pau i hānai ʻia i loko o ka hale kuʻuna. ʻO kahi maʻamau no ka mālama holoholona ʻo ia ka lumi kuke. Mālama kekahi poʻe i nā holoholona i loko o nā cubbyhles a i ʻole nā hīnaʻi i hana ʻia me ka adobe, ka ʻohe a me ka lepo, a i ʻole nā hale kīʻaha liʻiliʻi like me nā puka makani ʻole. Holo mau ʻo Kui ma ka papahele, ʻoiai ke pololi. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he pono lākou i ka uahi a no laila e mālama pono iā lākou i loko o kā lākou lumi kuke. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai punahele he alfalfa, akā ʻai pū lākou i nā ʻōpala papaʻaina e like me ka ʻili ʻuala, kāloti, mauʻu, a me nā kīʻaha.
Ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa kahi e mahi ai ka mahiʻai maiʻa, hānai nā kui i nā maiʻa makua. Hoʻomaka ʻo Kui e hānai iā lākou iho i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka waiū makuahine he mea hoʻohui wale nō a ʻaʻole ia he wahi nui o kā lākou ʻai. Loaʻa nā holoholona i ka wai mai ka meaʻai momona. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai hānai holoholona wale nō me ka meaʻai maloʻo he ʻōnaehana wai kūikawā no nā holoholona.
Manaʻo nā kānaka o ka ʻāina ʻo Cusco ʻo cuy ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa. ʻAi ke kui ma ka lumi kuke, hoʻomaha ma kona mau kihi, i loko o nā ipu lepo a kokoke i ke kapuahi. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o ka lumi kuke e hōʻike koke i ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ke kanaka ʻaʻohe kui i loko o ka lumi kuke, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka palaualelo a ʻilihune loa. ʻŌlelo lākou no ia poʻe, “Ua minamina nui au iā ia, ua ʻilihune ʻo ia, ʻaʻohe ona kui.” Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana e noho kiʻekiʻe ma ke kuahiwi me ke kui. He mea nui ke kui o ka hale. ʻO kāna mahi ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻiʻo e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu, ka manaʻo, ka ʻōlelo, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻohana.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā Andeans i kā lākou holoholona. Noho pū lāua i ka hale hoʻokahi, mālama a hopohopo iā lāua. Hana lākou iā lākou e like me nā holoholona. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu, nā pua a me nā mauna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā kui ko lākou mau inoa ponoʻī. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou e ko lākou ʻano kino e like me ke kala, ke kāne, a me ka nui.
ʻO ka hānai Cui kahi ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu Andean. ʻO nā holoholona mua i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale ma ke ʻano he makana a i ʻole ma muli o kahi hoʻololi. Kākaʻikahi ka poʻe e kūʻai mai. ʻO ka wahine e hele ana i ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā keiki, lawe mau i ke kui me ia i makana. ʻO Kui, i loaʻa i makana, lilo koke i ʻāpana o ka ʻohana e noho nei. Inā he wahine kēia holoholona mua a ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o ʻekolu mahina, a laila, nui ka manaʻo e hāpai ʻo ia. Inā ʻaʻohe kāne o ka hale, hoʻolimalima ʻia mai kahi hoalauna a pili paha. He kuleana ko ka mea nona ka kāne i ka wahine mai ka papa mua a i ʻole kekahi kāne. Hoʻi koke ke kāne hoʻolimalima i ka wā e ulu ai kekahi kāne.
Hana ʻia nā hana mālama holoholona, e like me nā hana hale ʻē aʻe, e nā wahine a me nā keiki. ʻOhi ʻia nā koena meaʻai no nā kui. Inā hoʻi mai ke keiki mai ke kula mai me ka ʻohi ʻole ʻana i wahie a me ka mauʻu no ke kui ma ke ala, a laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia he kanaka palaualelo. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lumi kuke a me ke kui cubbyholes kekahi hana a nā wahine a me nā keiki.
Ma nā kaiāulu he nui nā kui pēpē i nā keiki. Inā like ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kāne o nā holoholona, a laila ua hōʻailona kūikawā ʻia lākou i mea e ʻike ai i kā lākou holoholona. Hiki i ka mea nona ka holoholona ke kiola aku e like me kona makemake. Hiki iā ia ke kālepa, kūʻai aku, a pepehi paha. He kālā liʻiliʻi a he uku no nā keiki e hana maikaʻi ana i nā hana. Hoʻoholo ke keiki pehea e hoʻohana ai i kāna holoholona. Pili kēia ʻano kuleana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ke kui ma ke ʻano he ʻiʻo i nā manawa kūikawā a i ʻole nā hanana, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā a i kēlā me kēia pule. I kēia mau lā i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kui no ka hoʻololi. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻohana ke kuke i ke kui, a laila, kuke lākou i ka moa. I kēia hihia, noi ka ʻohana i nā malihini e kala mai iā lākou a hāʻawi i nā kala no ka hiki ʻole ke kuke i ke kui. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia inā i moʻa ʻia ke kui, ʻo nā lālā o ka ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine a me nā keiki, e lawelawe hope ʻia. Hoʻopau pinepine lākou i ka nau ʻana i ke poʻo a me nā ʻōpū o loko. ʻO ka hana kūikawā nui a ke kui, ʻo ia ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka maka o ka ʻohana a pale aku i ka hoʻohewa ʻana mai nā malihini.
Ma Andes, nui nā ʻōlelo i pili i ke kui i pili ʻole i kāna hana kuʻuna. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kui no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. No laila, ua like ka wahine me nā keiki he nui. Inā ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ka limahana e hoʻolimalima ʻia ma muli o kona palaualelo a haʻahaʻa paha, a laila ʻōlelo lākou e pili ana iā ia "ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia me ka mālama ʻana o ke kui", e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i ka hana maʻalahi. Inā noi ka wahine a keiki paha e hele ana i ke kūlanakauhale i ke kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole ka mea kālepa huakaʻi e kaʻa, ʻōlelo lākou, "E ʻoluʻolu e lawe iaʻu, hiki iaʻu ke lawelawe i ka hāʻawi wai i kou kui." Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo kui i nā mele ʻōiwi.
Hoʻololi ke ʻano hana hānai
Ma ʻEkuador a me Peru, ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻohua no ke kui. He kŘkohu hale (kuʻuna) kēia, he kŘkohu hui (cooperative) a me ke kŘkohu kalepa (entrepreneurial) (liʻiliʻi, waena a me ka hana holoholona hana).
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana maʻamau o ka hānai holoholona i loko o ka lumi kuke no nā kenekulia he nui, ʻo nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i puka mai nei. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻāina Andean ʻehā, ua noʻonoʻo nui ʻia ka pilikia o kahi ala ʻepekema i ka hānai ʻana i nā kui. Ke hoʻohana mau nei ʻo Bolivia i ke ʻano kuʻuna. He ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki ʻo Bolivia a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻekolu. Ua hana nui nā mea noiʻi Peruvian i ka hoʻoulu holoholona, akā ma Bolivia makemake lākou e hoʻomohala i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
I ka makahiki 1967, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui ʻo Agrarian o La Molina (Lima, Peru) i ka emi ʻana o nā holoholona i ka nui mai kekahi hanauna a i kekahi hanauna, no ka mea, kūʻai aku nā kamaʻāina o nā mauna a ʻai i nā holoholona nui loa, a haʻalele i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpio. hanau. Ua hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema ke hoʻōki i kēia kaʻina hana kuʻi. Ua hiki iā lākou ke koho i nā holoholona maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohua ʻana mai nā wahi like ʻole a, ma ke kumu, hana i kahi ʻano hou. Ma nā makahiki he kanahiku, ua loaʻa nā holoholona e like me 1.7 kilokani.
I kēia lā ma Peru, ua hānai nā mea noiʻi o ke kulanui i ka pua kui nui loa o ka honua. ʻO nā holoholona i kaupaona ʻia he 0.75 kilokani i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 2 kilokani. Me ka hānai kaulike o nā holoholona, hiki i hoʻokahi ʻohana ke loaʻa ma mua o 5.5 kilokani o ka ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ua mākaukau ka holoholona no ka ʻai ʻana i nā makahiki he 10. No ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā holoholona, pono lākou e hānai ʻia i ka ʻai kaulike o ka palaoa, soy, kulina, alfalfa a me hoʻokahi gram ascorbic acid no kēlā me kēia lita o ka wai. ʻAi ʻo Kui i ka 12 a 30 grams o ka hānai a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha ma 7 a 10 grams i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ma ke kaona, he kakaikahi ka poe hanai kui ma ka lumi kuke. Ma nā kuaʻāina, ʻo nā ʻohana e noho ana ma nā hale lumi hoʻokahi a i ʻole ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohele pinepine i ko lākou hale me nā kui. Hana lākou i kēia ʻaʻole wale no ka nele o kahi ākea, akā no nā kuʻuna o ka hanauna kahiko. ʻO kahi mea ulana kāpeti mai ke kauhale o Salasaca ma ka moku Tungurahua (Ecuador) he hale me nā lumi ʻehā. Aia ka hale i hoʻokahi lumi moe, hoʻokahi lumi kuke a me ʻelua lumi me nā mea ulana. I loko o ka lumi kuke, a me ka lumi moe, aia kahi moena lāʻau ākea. Hiki ke kūpono i ʻeono kānaka. Aia ka ʻohana ma kahi o 25 mau holoholona e noho ana ma lalo o kekahi o nā moena. Ke hōʻiliʻili ka ʻōpala kui i loko o kahi papa mānoanoa ma lalo o ka moena, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā holoholona i kahi moena ʻē aʻe. Lawe ʻia ka ʻōpala mai lalo o ka moena i waho o ka pā, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i mea kanu i loko o ka māla. ʻOiai ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā holoholona e nā kenekulia o ka moʻomeheu, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e nā ala hou aʻe.
Noho ka hui kua'āina ma Tiocajas i ka hale ʻelua papa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papahele mua o ka hale i ʻewalu pahu brick me kahi ʻāpana o hoʻokahi mika square. Aia ma kahi o 100 mau holoholona. Aia ma ka papahele ʻelua kahi ʻohana nāna e mālama i ka waiwai o ka hui.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kui me nā ʻano hana hou he kumu kūʻai. ʻO nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka ʻuala, ke kulina a me ka palaoa. ʻO Kui wale nō ka huahana i paʻa ke kumu kūʻai ma ka mākeke. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā kui e hoʻonui i ke kuleana o nā wahine i ka ʻohana. Na wahine ka hanai holoholona, aole ohumu hou na kane i na wahine no ka hoomaunauna ana i ko lakou manawa ma na halawai kumu ole. Akā, haʻaheo lākou. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau wahine ua hoʻololi loa lākou i ka pilina kāne me ka wahine maʻamau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻakaʻaka kekahi o nā wahine i loko o ka hui "ʻo wau ka mea i loko o ka hale e komo i nā kāmaʻa."
Mai ka pipi a hiki i ka mākeke
Loaʻa ka ʻiʻo Kui i nā mea kūʻai aku ma o nā hale kūʻai ākea, nā hale kūʻai kūʻai nui a ma o nā kuʻikahi pololei me nā mea hana. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale i nā mahiʻai mai nā wahi kokoke e lawe mai i nā holoholona e kūʻai aku ma nā mākeke ākea. No kēia kumu, hoʻokaʻawale nā luna o ke kūlanakauhale i nā wahi kūikawā.
Ma ka mākeke, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi holoholona, e pili ana i kona nui, he $ 1-3. Ua pāpā ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai (Indians) mai ke kūʻai pololei ʻana i nā holoholona i nā hale ʻaina. Nui nā mea kūʻai mestizo ma nā mākeke, a laila kūʻai aku i nā holoholona i nā hale ʻaina. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka mea kūʻai aku ma mua o 25% mai kēlā me kēia holoholona. Ke ʻimi mau nei ʻo Mestizos e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka poʻe mahiʻai, a ma ke ʻano he kūlana lanakila mau lākou.
ʻO ka mea momona maikaʻi loa
ʻAʻole ʻo Kui wale nō ka ʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōpala holoholona i mea hoʻomomona kiʻekiʻe. ʻOhi mau ka ʻōpala no ka hoʻomomona ʻana i nā māla a me nā māla ʻai. No ka hana ʻana i ka fertilizer, hoʻohana ʻia nā ilo ʻulaʻula.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko A.Savin pūnaewele pilikino ma http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
Edmundo Morales
Ua lawe ʻia ka unuhi e Alexander Savin, Kauka o ka ʻepekema kino a me ka makemakika.
Aia ka unuhi mua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko A. Savin pūnaewele pilikino ma http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
Ua ʻae ʻo A. Savin iā mākou e hoʻolaha i kēia mea ma kā mākou pūnaewele. Mahalo nui iā ʻoe no kēia manawa kūpono!
MOKUNA I. Mai ka pipi a hiki i ka waiwai kuai
Ma ʻAmelika Hema, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻuala a me ke kulina a me nā holoholona e like me nā llamas a me nā kui i mea ʻai. Wahi a ka mea kālaihonua Peruvian Lumbreras, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kui kūloko, me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe ma Andes mai kahi o 5000 BC. ma kahi o Antiplano. Noho ʻia nā ʻano kui hihiu ma kēia wahi.
Куи (Guinea pig) He holoholona kapa hewa keia no ka mea, aole ia he puaa, aole no Guinea. ʻAʻole pili ia i ka ʻohana rodent. Ua hoʻohana ʻia paha ka huaʻōlelo Guinea ma kahi o ka huaʻōlelo like ʻo Guiana, ka inoa o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema kahi i lawe ʻia aku ai ke kui i ʻEulopa. Ua manaʻo paha ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua lawe ʻia mai nā kui mai ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelika Komohana o Guinea, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia mai ʻAmelika Hema e nā moku lawe kauā mai Guinea mai. ʻO kekahi wehewehe ʻana e pili ana i ka kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā kui ma ʻEnelani no hoʻokahi guinea. ʻO ka guinea he kālā gula i paʻi ʻia ma ʻEnelani i ka makahiki 1663. Ma ʻEulopa, lilo koke ke kui i holoholona kaulana. ʻO ka Mōʻīwahine Elizabeth I ponoʻī he holoholona hoʻokahi, nāna i kōkua i ka laha wikiwiki ʻana.
Aia ma mua o 30 miliona kui ma Peru, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 miliona ma ʻEkuador, 700 ma Kolombia, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 miliona ma Bolivia. ʻO ka awelika kaumaha o ka holoholona he 750 grams, ʻo ka awelika lōʻihi he 30 knm (ʻokoʻa nā ana mai 20 a 40 cm).
ʻAʻohe huelo o Kui. Hiki i ka huluhulu ke palupalu a koʻikoʻi, pōkole a lōʻihi, pololei a me ka ʻili. ʻO nā kala maʻamau he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, hina, a me nā hui like ʻole. Kakaʻikahi loa ka ʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe. He nui loa ka holoholona. Hiki i ka wahine ke hāpai i ka makahiki ʻekolu mahina a laila i kēlā me kēia kanaonokumamālima a hiki i kanahikukūmālima lā. ʻOiai he ʻelua uʻi wale nō ka wahine, hiki iā ia ke hānau a hānai i ʻelima a ʻeono paha keiki, no ka nui o ka momona o ka waiū.
ʻO ka maʻamau he 2 a 4 mau puaʻa i loko o kahi papa, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka ʻewalu. Hiki ke ola ʻo Kui a hiki i ʻeiwa mau makahiki, akā ʻekolu makahiki ka awelika o ke ola. Hiki i nā wahine ʻehiku ke hoʻohua i 72 cubs i ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolukumamālima kilokani o ka ʻiʻo. ʻO kahi cuy Peruvian i ka makahiki ʻekolu mahina ke kaumaha ma kahi o 850 grams. Hiki i ka mea mahiʻai mai hoʻokahi kāne a he ʻumi wahine i ka makahiki ke loaʻa iā 361 holoholona. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai e hānai i nā holoholona no ka mākeke e kūʻai aku i nā wahine ma hope o kā lākou litter ʻekolu, no ka mea, ua nui kēia mau wahine a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 1 kilokani 200 grams a kūʻai ʻia ma ke kumu kūʻai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kāne a i ʻole nā wahine i loaʻa ʻole nā hua o ka makahiki like. Ma hope o ke kolu o ka litter, ʻai nā wahine hānai i ka nui o ka meaʻai a ʻoi aku ko lākou make i ka wā hānau.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia nā kui i nā ʻāpana mahana (nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe) kahi e hānai pinepine ʻia ai lākou i loko o ka hale e pale aku iā lākou mai ka ʻino o ka lewa. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke ola ma 30 ° C, ʻo ko lākou ʻāina kūlohelohe kahi e piʻi ai nā mahana mai 22 ° C i ke ao a 7 ° C i ka pō. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo Kui i nā mahana wela maikaʻi ʻole a kiʻekiʻe a wela koke i ka lā pololei. Hoʻopili maikaʻi lākou i nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa e like me nā wao ua o Amazon Basin, a me ke anuanu a me nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe.
Ma nā wahi a pau o Andes, kokoke i nā ʻohana a pau he iwakālua mau kui. Ma Andes, ma kahi o 90% o nā holoholona a pau i hānai ʻia i loko o ka hale kuʻuna. ʻO kahi maʻamau no ka mālama holoholona ʻo ia ka lumi kuke. Mālama kekahi poʻe i nā holoholona i loko o nā cubbyhles a i ʻole nā hīnaʻi i hana ʻia me ka adobe, ka ʻohe a me ka lepo, a i ʻole nā hale kīʻaha liʻiliʻi like me nā puka makani ʻole. Holo mau ʻo Kui ma ka papahele, ʻoiai ke pololi. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he pono lākou i ka uahi a no laila e mālama pono iā lākou i loko o kā lākou lumi kuke. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai punahele he alfalfa, akā ʻai pū lākou i nā ʻōpala papaʻaina e like me ka ʻili ʻuala, kāloti, mauʻu, a me nā kīʻaha.
Ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa kahi e mahi ai ka mahiʻai maiʻa, hānai nā kui i nā maiʻa makua. Hoʻomaka ʻo Kui e hānai iā lākou iho i kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka waiū makuahine he mea hoʻohui wale nō a ʻaʻole ia he wahi nui o kā lākou ʻai. Loaʻa nā holoholona i ka wai mai ka meaʻai momona. ʻO ka poʻe mahiʻai hānai holoholona wale nō me ka meaʻai maloʻo he ʻōnaehana wai kūikawā no nā holoholona.
Manaʻo nā kānaka o ka ʻāina ʻo Cusco ʻo cuy ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa. ʻAi ke kui ma ka lumi kuke, hoʻomaha ma kona mau kihi, i loko o nā ipu lepo a kokoke i ke kapuahi. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o ka lumi kuke e hōʻike koke i ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ke kanaka ʻaʻohe kui i loko o ka lumi kuke, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka palaualelo a ʻilihune loa. ʻŌlelo lākou no ia poʻe, “Ua minamina nui au iā ia, ua ʻilihune ʻo ia, ʻaʻohe ona kui.” Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana e noho kiʻekiʻe ma ke kuahiwi me ke kui. He mea nui ke kui o ka hale. ʻO kāna mahi ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻiʻo e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu, ka manaʻo, ka ʻōlelo, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻohana.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā Andeans i kā lākou holoholona. Noho pū lāua i ka hale hoʻokahi, mālama a hopohopo iā lāua. Hana lākou iā lākou e like me nā holoholona. Ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu, nā pua a me nā mauna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā kui ko lākou mau inoa ponoʻī. ʻIke pinepine ʻia lākou e ko lākou ʻano kino e like me ke kala, ke kāne, a me ka nui.
ʻO ka hānai Cui kahi ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu Andean. ʻO nā holoholona mua i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale ma ke ʻano he makana a i ʻole ma muli o kahi hoʻololi. Kākaʻikahi ka poʻe e kūʻai mai. ʻO ka wahine e hele ana i ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā keiki, lawe mau i ke kui me ia i makana. ʻO Kui, i loaʻa i makana, lilo koke i ʻāpana o ka ʻohana e noho nei. Inā he wahine kēia holoholona mua a ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o ʻekolu mahina, a laila, nui ka manaʻo e hāpai ʻo ia. Inā ʻaʻohe kāne o ka hale, hoʻolimalima ʻia mai kahi hoalauna a pili paha. He kuleana ko ka mea nona ka kāne i ka wahine mai ka papa mua a i ʻole kekahi kāne. Hoʻi koke ke kāne hoʻolimalima i ka wā e ulu ai kekahi kāne.
Hana ʻia nā hana mālama holoholona, e like me nā hana hale ʻē aʻe, e nā wahine a me nā keiki. ʻOhi ʻia nā koena meaʻai no nā kui. Inā hoʻi mai ke keiki mai ke kula mai me ka ʻohi ʻole ʻana i wahie a me ka mauʻu no ke kui ma ke ala, a laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia he kanaka palaualelo. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lumi kuke a me ke kui cubbyholes kekahi hana a nā wahine a me nā keiki.
Ma nā kaiāulu he nui nā kui pēpē i nā keiki. Inā like ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kāne o nā holoholona, a laila ua hōʻailona kūikawā ʻia lākou i mea e ʻike ai i kā lākou holoholona. Hiki i ka mea nona ka holoholona ke kiola aku e like me kona makemake. Hiki iā ia ke kālepa, kūʻai aku, a pepehi paha. He kālā liʻiliʻi a he uku no nā keiki e hana maikaʻi ana i nā hana. Hoʻoholo ke keiki pehea e hoʻohana ai i kāna holoholona. Pili kēia ʻano kuleana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ke kui ma ke ʻano he ʻiʻo i nā manawa kūikawā a i ʻole nā hanana, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā a i kēlā me kēia pule. I kēia mau lā i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kui no ka hoʻololi. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻohana ke kuke i ke kui, a laila, kuke lākou i ka moa. I kēia hihia, noi ka ʻohana i nā malihini e kala mai iā lākou a hāʻawi i nā kala no ka hiki ʻole ke kuke i ke kui. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia inā i moʻa ʻia ke kui, ʻo nā lālā o ka ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine a me nā keiki, e lawelawe hope ʻia. Hoʻopau pinepine lākou i ka nau ʻana i ke poʻo a me nā ʻōpū o loko. ʻO ka hana kūikawā nui a ke kui, ʻo ia ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka maka o ka ʻohana a pale aku i ka hoʻohewa ʻana mai nā malihini.
Ma Andes, nui nā ʻōlelo i pili i ke kui i pili ʻole i kāna hana kuʻuna. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kui no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. No laila, ua like ka wahine me nā keiki he nui. Inā ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ka limahana e hoʻolimalima ʻia ma muli o kona palaualelo a haʻahaʻa paha, a laila ʻōlelo lākou e pili ana iā ia "ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia me ka mālama ʻana o ke kui", e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i ka hana maʻalahi. Inā noi ka wahine a keiki paha e hele ana i ke kūlanakauhale i ke kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole ka mea kālepa huakaʻi e kaʻa, ʻōlelo lākou, "E ʻoluʻolu e lawe iaʻu, hiki iaʻu ke lawelawe i ka hāʻawi wai i kou kui." Hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo kui i nā mele ʻōiwi.
Hoʻololi ke ʻano hana hānai
Ma ʻEkuador a me Peru, ʻekolu mau ʻano hoʻohua no ke kui. He kŘkohu hale (kuʻuna) kēia, he kŘkohu hui (cooperative) a me ke kŘkohu kalepa (entrepreneurial) (liʻiliʻi, waena a me ka hana holoholona hana).
ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana maʻamau o ka hānai holoholona i loko o ka lumi kuke no nā kenekulia he nui, ʻo nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe i puka mai nei. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻāina Andean ʻehā, ua noʻonoʻo nui ʻia ka pilikia o kahi ala ʻepekema i ka hānai ʻana i nā kui. Ke hoʻohana mau nei ʻo Bolivia i ke ʻano kuʻuna. He ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki ʻo Bolivia a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻekolu. Ua hana nui nā mea noiʻi Peruvian i ka hoʻoulu holoholona, akā ma Bolivia makemake lākou e hoʻomohala i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
I ka makahiki 1967, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui ʻo Agrarian o La Molina (Lima, Peru) i ka emi ʻana o nā holoholona i ka nui mai kekahi hanauna a i kekahi hanauna, no ka mea, kūʻai aku nā kamaʻāina o nā mauna a ʻai i nā holoholona nui loa, a haʻalele i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpio. hanau. Ua hiki i ka poʻe ʻepekema ke hoʻōki i kēia kaʻina hana kuʻi. Ua hiki iā lākou ke koho i nā holoholona maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohua ʻana mai nā wahi like ʻole a, ma ke kumu, hana i kahi ʻano hou. Ma nā makahiki he kanahiku, ua loaʻa nā holoholona e like me 1.7 kilokani.
I kēia lā ma Peru, ua hānai nā mea noiʻi o ke kulanui i ka pua kui nui loa o ka honua. ʻO nā holoholona i kaupaona ʻia he 0.75 kilokani i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 2 kilokani. Me ka hānai kaulike o nā holoholona, hiki i hoʻokahi ʻohana ke loaʻa ma mua o 5.5 kilokani o ka ʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ua mākaukau ka holoholona no ka ʻai ʻana i nā makahiki he 10. No ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā holoholona, pono lākou e hānai ʻia i ka ʻai kaulike o ka palaoa, soy, kulina, alfalfa a me hoʻokahi gram ascorbic acid no kēlā me kēia lita o ka wai. ʻAi ʻo Kui i ka 12 a 30 grams o ka hānai a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha ma 7 a 10 grams i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ma ke kaona, he kakaikahi ka poe hanai kui ma ka lumi kuke. Ma nā kuaʻāina, ʻo nā ʻohana e noho ana ma nā hale lumi hoʻokahi a i ʻole ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohele pinepine i ko lākou hale me nā kui. Hana lākou i kēia ʻaʻole wale no ka nele o kahi ākea, akā no nā kuʻuna o ka hanauna kahiko. ʻO kahi mea ulana kāpeti mai ke kauhale o Salasaca ma ka moku Tungurahua (Ecuador) he hale me nā lumi ʻehā. Aia ka hale i hoʻokahi lumi moe, hoʻokahi lumi kuke a me ʻelua lumi me nā mea ulana. I loko o ka lumi kuke, a me ka lumi moe, aia kahi moena lāʻau ākea. Hiki ke kūpono i ʻeono kānaka. Aia ka ʻohana ma kahi o 25 mau holoholona e noho ana ma lalo o kekahi o nā moena. Ke hōʻiliʻili ka ʻōpala kui i loko o kahi papa mānoanoa ma lalo o ka moena, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā holoholona i kahi moena ʻē aʻe. Lawe ʻia ka ʻōpala mai lalo o ka moena i waho o ka pā, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i mea kanu i loko o ka māla. ʻOiai ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā holoholona e nā kenekulia o ka moʻomeheu, akā i kēia manawa ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e nā ala hou aʻe.
Noho ka hui kua'āina ma Tiocajas i ka hale ʻelua papa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papahele mua o ka hale i ʻewalu pahu brick me kahi ʻāpana o hoʻokahi mika square. Aia ma kahi o 100 mau holoholona. Aia ma ka papahele ʻelua kahi ʻohana nāna e mālama i ka waiwai o ka hui.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kui me nā ʻano hana hou he kumu kūʻai. ʻO nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka ʻuala, ke kulina a me ka palaoa. ʻO Kui wale nō ka huahana i paʻa ke kumu kūʻai ma ka mākeke. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā kui e hoʻonui i ke kuleana o nā wahine i ka ʻohana. Na wahine ka hanai holoholona, aole ohumu hou na kane i na wahine no ka hoomaunauna ana i ko lakou manawa ma na halawai kumu ole. Akā, haʻaheo lākou. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mau wahine ua hoʻololi loa lākou i ka pilina kāne me ka wahine maʻamau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻakaʻaka kekahi o nā wahine i loko o ka hui "ʻo wau ka mea i loko o ka hale e komo i nā kāmaʻa."
Mai ka pipi a hiki i ka mākeke
Loaʻa ka ʻiʻo Kui i nā mea kūʻai aku ma o nā hale kūʻai ākea, nā hale kūʻai kūʻai nui a ma o nā kuʻikahi pololei me nā mea hana. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale i nā mahiʻai mai nā wahi kokoke e lawe mai i nā holoholona e kūʻai aku ma nā mākeke ākea. No kēia kumu, hoʻokaʻawale nā luna o ke kūlanakauhale i nā wahi kūikawā.
Ma ka mākeke, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi holoholona, e pili ana i kona nui, he $ 1-3. Ua pāpā ʻia ka poʻe mahiʻai (Indians) mai ke kūʻai pololei ʻana i nā holoholona i nā hale ʻaina. Nui nā mea kūʻai mestizo ma nā mākeke, a laila kūʻai aku i nā holoholona i nā hale ʻaina. ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka mea kūʻai aku ma mua o 25% mai kēlā me kēia holoholona. Ke ʻimi mau nei ʻo Mestizos e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka poʻe mahiʻai, a ma ke ʻano he kūlana lanakila mau lākou.
ʻO ka mea momona maikaʻi loa
ʻAʻole ʻo Kui wale nō ka ʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōpala holoholona i mea hoʻomomona kiʻekiʻe. ʻOhi mau ka ʻōpala no ka hoʻomomona ʻana i nā māla a me nā māla ʻai. No ka hana ʻana i ka fertilizer, hoʻohana ʻia nā ilo ʻulaʻula.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko A.Savin pūnaewele pilikino ma http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
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ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā lāki hoʻohiwahiwa
Ke koho ʻana i hale no ka puaʻa
