ʻIole kāhiko

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻiole mai ka Middle Ages. ʻO Jack Black, he mea hopu ʻiole ma ke aloaliʻi o Queen Victoria ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 1906, ua hopu ʻo ia i nā ʻiole hihiu hina ʻo Rattus norvegicus (Pasyuk, ʻiole Norewai) me kona mau lima ʻole, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike nui a mālama i nā ʻiole i hopu ʻia i loko o kahi hale paʻa kūikawā. i ʻaʻahu ʻia ma kahi o ka ʻeke. Ma waho aʻe o ka luku ʻana i nā pests, mālama ʻo Jack Black i nā holoholona ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona ʻeleʻele i hele mai iā ia a hānai iā lākou, e loaʻa ana nā kala hou. Ua kaulana nā ʻiole kāhiko i ka wā Victorian e like me nā manu. Mālama kekahi mau lede i nā ʻiole i loko o nā hīnaʻi gula nani, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Queen Victoria (he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha ʻiole kāna). Ua lawe pū ʻo Jack i nā ʻiole e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻīlio a, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻiole - nā ʻiole, a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi ʻīlio (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā terriers) i loko o kahi lua a peni paha, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka manawa a me nā uku, a laila. helu ʻia ka nui o nā ʻiole i pepehi ʻia e ka ʻīlio . Ma hope mai, hoʻonāwaliwali ia mau leʻaleʻa i ka poʻe, e like me ka pipi a me ka bea maunu, hāʻawi i ke ala i nā hakakā ʻīlio, kahi i pāpā ʻia i kēia lā ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi laina o nā ʻiole albino laboratory ma Philadelphia, i kēlā manawa ka mea mua a hoʻokahi wale nō i loaʻa kona inoa - ka laina Wistar, ma ke ʻano ʻāina. Ua hoʻāla ka laina i nā laina ʻiole ʻē aʻe he nui (ʻaʻole wale nā ​​albinos) a hiki i ka makahiki 1901. Ua manaʻo ʻia mai kēia laina, ma ka hele ʻana me nā ʻiole hina, ua loaʻa nā ʻiole hoʻonaninani mua - nā hood ʻeleʻele. I ka makahiki 1976, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana mua no nā ʻano ʻiole nani ma ʻEnelani. ʻO ka hui ʻiole mua loa i ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka National Fancy Rat Society ma 1978 ma ʻEulopa. Ma ʻAmelika, ua ʻike ʻia ka hui hui ʻiole a me ka ʻiole i ka makahiki 1983, a ma XNUMX ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA). Nā ʻano ʻano ʻiole kāhiko Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiole hoʻonaninani i nā "ʻano" e like me kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻano. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "breed" e pili ana i nā ʻiole nani a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he synonym no ka huaʻōlelo "ʻano like ʻole". Nā kūlana - kekahi mau koi kūlike no ke ʻano o ke kino, kala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ka loiloi o nā holoholona i ka wā o nā hōʻikeʻike, nā hoʻokūkū a me nā hōʻike. Hoʻohana nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka honua i kā lākou mau pono ponoʻī o nā koi a ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana hoʻokahi no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano (nā ʻano) o nā ʻiole nani. ʻO nā kūlana mana a kahiko loa no nā ʻano ʻiole hale hoʻonaninani i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā kūlana o ka National Decorative Rat Society of Great Britain (NFRS) a me ka American Decorative Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiole decorative i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā ʻāpana a me nā hōʻailona. Ua ʻaiʻē ʻia kekahi mau kapa lauoho a me nā inoa kala mai nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio (e laʻa me Sphynx, Husky, Rex, Manx, etc.).

Keʻano kino

• Kūlana (Standard) - ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻiole me ke kino kūlike a me ka lauoho paheʻe.
• Huʻuʻole (Manx, Huʻuʻole) - nā iole huelo ʻole.
• Dumbo (Dumbo) - he mau pepeiao haʻahaʻa ko nā ʻiole o kēia ʻano, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani i ka helehelena ʻiole.

ʻAno huluhulu

• Kūlana (Standard) - ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻiole me ka ʻaʻahu pōkole, ʻoluʻolu a ʻālohilohi.
• Satin (Satin) - nā ʻiole me ka lauoho ʻālohilohi elongated. I Rusia, ua helu ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano maʻamau.
• Bristle (Bristle Coat) – nā ʻiole me ka lauoho ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka lauoho waho.
• Wavy / Velveteen (Velveteen, Teddy, Wavy) – nā ʻiole me ka lauoho mānoanoa like, ʻōniʻoniʻo iki, a ʻoi aku ka nalu pinepine. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻaʻahu ma muli o ka ʻaleʻale, akā ʻaʻole pono ke nānā aku i ka ʻaʻahu, ʻāhue, a i ʻole like ʻole.
• Velor (Velour) - he pōkole loa ka ʻaʻahu o ka ʻiole, ʻāwili, wili, wili paʻa. I Rusia, ua helu ʻia kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻano like ʻole.
• Curly (Rex) - he ʻaʻahu ʻeleʻele, pōkole a ʻōniʻoniʻo nā ʻiole, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka ʻumiʻumi he ʻōniʻoniʻo a ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka maʻamau.
• Double-rex (double-rex, patchwork) - ua hui pū ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻaʻahu, ma kekahi mau wahi ʻaʻohe wahi (mai sphinxes), ma kekahi mau wahi - pōkole, lauoho lauoho (mai nā rexes). Kāhea kekahi poʻe pā i kēia pepa he wehe ʻana i ke kapa. I Rusia, ua helu ʻia kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻano like ʻole.
• Downy / Fuzz (Fuzz) – nā ʻiole me ka lahilahi loa, palupalu a pōkole.
• Sphinxes (Hairless) – ʻiole kapa ʻole, me ka ʻili elastic, palupalu i ka hoʻopā ʻana. Aia ka hulu ma luna o nā maka, nā wāwae a me nā papalina. 

Nā kala ʻiole

Kaulike (self) - ua like ke kala ma ke kino.

• ʻeleʻele
• Beige
• Platinum
• Polū
• Polū pulu (Powder Blue)
• Polū Lūkia (Pulilu Lūkini)
• mink Pelekania (Mink)
• Mink ʻAmelika (Mink Mock, Mink ʻAmelika, Havana)
• Kālā Lūkini (Kālā Lūkini)
• niho
• Keʻokeʻo me nā maka ʻeleʻele (Black-eyed White)
• Keʻokeʻo me nā maka ʻulaʻula (Pink-eyed White, Albino)

Ticked (ticked) - ua pena ʻia kēlā me kēia lauoho i nā kala like ʻole ma ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho.

• ʻAgouti
• Фавн (Fawn, Dark Topaz, Alani)
• Kinamona (Kinamona)
• topazo
• Momi kinamona (Kinamona momi)
• Momi (Momi)
• Polū Agouti/Opal (Blue Agouti, Opal)
• ʻO Russian Blue Aguuti
• Platinum Agouti (Platinum Agouti)
• Amber

Hoʻohui - he kala i loaʻa i kekahi mau kala.

• Himalayan Maka ʻEleʻele 
• Siamese me nā maka ʻeleʻele (Black Eyed Siamese) 
• Himalayan Blue (Blue Point Himalayan)
• Polū Siamese (Lae Polū Siamese)
• Pulumi
• Himalayan
• Siamese (Mink Point Siamese)
• Siamese Lūkini Polū (Russian Blue Point Siamese)
• ʻōlelo Burmese Lūkini/ Burmese Lūkini 
• Sable Burmese/Sable Burmese 
• Lae Sila Siamese 
• Wheaten Burmese (WheatenBurmese/Agouti Burmese)

ʻO ke kālā - ʻo ka ʻaʻahu ke komo ʻana i ke kala-hina a me ke kumu, ʻo ka pinepine keʻokeʻo, nā lauoho. Hiki ke kala i kekahi o nā kala i ʻike ʻia, paʻa a paʻa paha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kala o kēia ʻāpana ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kālā a me nā lauoho kala i ka nui like. ʻO kēlā me kēia lauoho kala e like me ke keʻokeʻo e like me ka hiki, ʻoiai ke ʻae ʻia ka piko lauoho kala. Pono nā kala kala e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa o ka sparkle, brilliance. Ke hoʻopili ʻia me kekahi mau lauoho keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ke kala. Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ke kala i hiki ʻole ke huikau ke kala kala me ka momi (Pearl) a i ʻole kekahi ʻaʻahu (Self).

Hōʻailona kala

ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana he kumu hoʻohālike, kahi hui pū ʻana o nā wahi keʻokeʻo a me nā waihoʻoluʻu o ke kapa o kahi holoholona. Ua kapa ʻia nā kala i hui pū ʻia o nā wahi keʻokeʻo a me nā kala.

• Paʻa (Self) - waihoʻoluʻu me ke ʻano keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā ​​kikoʻī.
• ʻO ka raincoat ʻEulopa (European Berkshire) - Ke kino o kēlā me kēia kala, he wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma. ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā palena he kūlike a maopopo. He keʻokeʻo nā wāwae hope a hiki i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, he hapa keʻokeʻo nā wāwae mua, a he keʻokeʻo hoʻi ka hapalua o ka huelo. He mea makemake e loaʻa kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo. 
• ʻO ka ʻahuʻula ʻAmelika (American Berkshire) - ʻO ke kino o kēlā me kēia kala, ke kino haʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa: ʻōpū, umauma, ʻāʻī, i loko o nā wāwae - keʻokeʻo loa. ʻAʻole pono e hele ke keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao. Pono ka palena ma waena o ka luna i pena ʻia a me ka lalo keʻokeʻo. He keʻokeʻo nā wāwae hope a hiki i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, ʻo ka mua a hiki i ke kuʻekuʻe. He hapalua keokeo ka huelo. Makemake ʻia e loaʻa kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka lae ma waena o nā pepeiao. 
• Anglo-Irish (English Irish) - ʻO ke kino o kēlā me kēia kala, triangle keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma, "mīkina lima" keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae mua, nā wāwae o nā wāwae hope he hapalua keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole hele ka wahi ma ka ʻōpū, noho ia i ka manawa āpau ma waena o nā wāwae mua. 
• Irish (Irish) - ʻO ke kino o kēlā me kēia kala, kahi keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū, "mīkina lima" keʻokeʻo ma ka hope a me nā wāwae mua, kahi kihi keʻokeʻo o ka huelo (a hiki i ka hapahā o kona lōʻihi). ʻO ke ʻano o ke kiko e like me ka hiki, puni a oval paha. ʻAe ʻia kahi wahi ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (e pili ana i kahi kenimika ākea). ʻAʻole pono e hele ke keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao, nā wāwae a i ʻole ka umauma.
• Hooded - ʻO ka ʻāpana hooded i hoʻoluʻu ʻia e uhi mau i ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi a hoʻopau me kahi kaha e kahe ana mai ke kua a hiki i ka huelo, me ka liʻiliʻi o 2/3 o ka huelo e hoʻoluu ʻia. 
• Pākuʻi - Ua keʻokeʻo loa ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻaoʻao a me nā wāwae āpau. Ua pena ʻia ka piko o ke poʻo; ʻaʻole pono ke kala ma luna o ka ʻauwae. E hoʻomaka ana mai ke poʻo, hopu i nā pepeiao, ma luna o nā poʻohiwi, e holo ana kahi ʻāpana kala (kaahi) ma ke kua holoʻokoʻa. Ua like ka laula o ke kaula a puni a ua like me ka laula o ke poo. Ua pena ʻia ka huelo ma kahi o 2/3.

Blaze - He ʻano wedge, ʻano V-like ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka waha, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ihu a hiki i ka lae.

• Blazed Banded 
• ʻahuʻula me ke ahi (Blazed Berkshire)
• Kepkovy / Capped - Ua pena ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke poʻo. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka wahi ma mua o nā pepeiao a ʻaʻole hele i ka ʻauwae. Makemake ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka wili ma ka muzzle (hoʻomaka ka ʻāʻī mai ka ʻāʻī, ʻokiʻoki ma waena o nā pepeiao, e pau ana ma ka lae). He keʻokeʻo ke koena o ke kino.
• Husky raincoat (Badger husky) - he kala "roan" kēia kaha. He keʻokeʻo loa ka lalo o ke kino a me ke poʻo. He lapalapa ma ke poʻo, a pena ʻia ka huelo.
• Spotted (Varigated) - ua pena ʻia ke poʻo a me nā poʻohiwi, pono kahi kiko (ma ka lae) a i ʻole ke ahi. ʻO ke koena o ke kino luna o ka ʻiole he keʻokeʻo me nā kiko. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino.

A me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻiole ke ʻano maka. I nā ʻiole home ʻē aʻe, ʻulaʻula kekahi maka a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha kekahi. Hiki i nā ʻiole maka ʻē ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano kala a me nā kaha.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻiole kāhiko

ʻO ke kaumaha o nā kāne 400-850 (kakaʻikahi) grams, wahine - 250-500 grams. ʻOi aku ka mālie o nā kāne, nā mea aloha aloha e hoʻoluliluli i nā lima o ka mea nona, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā wahine a hoʻomaha ʻole. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o nā ʻiole he 2,5-3 mau makahiki, i kekahi manawa e ola ana a hiki i 4 mau makahiki, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka ʻiole home i kēia lā he 7 mau makahiki 4 mahina. He holoholona momona ka iole. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke lawe mai ma mua o 14 pups i loko o hoʻokahi papa. Hiki ke hāpai ka wahine i ka wā hānai keiki. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole makemake nui ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona o nā kāne like ʻole. Hiki ke Castration, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka huhū o nā kāne. Ma ka awelika, lilo nā kāne i ka moe kolohe i ka makahiki 6 mau pule, akā hiki i nā wahine ke hāpai ma mua o kēia manawa. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua olakino, makemake ʻia ka male mua o ka wahine i ka makahiki 5-10 mau mahina, ʻo ke kāne ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kona ʻano. AT

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana i nā ʻiole he 21-24 mau lā. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pono e noho nā pups ʻiole me ko lākou makuahine no ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau pule, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia..

ʻO nāʻiole ka pilikanaka, makemakeʻia e mālama iā lākou i nā pālua a iʻole nā ​​hui, i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻohua mau, nā hakakā a me ke koʻikoʻi - hoʻokahi kāne. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā lawe ʻoe i nā keiki ʻiole o nā makahiki like, nā littermates a mai nā wahi like ʻole, e ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka leʻaleʻa. I ka wā mua, hiki ke hakakā, akā ʻo ka maʻamau he hōʻike maʻalahi kēia o ka pilina a me ka hierarchy, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopōʻino nui i kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai lākou e kauo ana kekahi i kekahi a uē nui. ʻO nā ʻiole e noho ana i kahi hui pāʻani pū, hiamoe, a hana pū kekahi.

Ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻiole kāhiko

Cell

ʻO ka hale o ka ʻiole kona hale, kona wahi ponoʻī kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka hapa nui o kona manawa a me kona ola. I loko o ka hīnaʻi, moe nā ʻiole, ʻai, hele i ka halepaku, pāʻani, a no kēlā me kēia hana, pono e kūpono a hoʻolako pono ʻia ka pā. Pono ke kelepona i ka helu o ka poʻe noho, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 60x40x40, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pono ka mamao ma waena o nā kaola ma mua o 1,7 cm. No nā kāne makua, ʻae ʻia ka 2 knm, akā pili wale kēia i nā kāne nui, nā kāne makua, nā wahine a me nā pups hiki ke "leak" ma nā kaola. Pono nā hale i hoʻolako maikaʻi ʻia i nā hale, nā hammocks, nā papa, nā alapiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​ramps, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, nā pōhaku mineral, nā kīʻaha a me ke kīʻaha inu. ʻAʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia nā tunnel plastik a me nā lole o ke anawaena kūpono, nā keʻena kihi, nā hīnaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ākea ka laulā o nā mea hana no nā hīnaʻi ʻiole, a hiki ke "ʻaiʻē" kekahi o nā mea i nalowale mai nā puaʻa guinea, rabbits, parrots, pōpoki a me nā ferrets, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me kou mau lima ponoʻī.

Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kelepona a me nā mea

House

Pono nā ana o ka hale e hiki ai i ka ʻiole ke kū maʻalahi i loko me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ka "pakui" me kona kua / poʻo, a hiki ke kikoo maʻalahi i ka moe ʻana, a pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻiole a pau i loko o ka hale inā makemake lākou e moe. ma laila pū. Pono ka puka komo i ʻole e paʻa ka ʻiole i loko. No ka nui o nā holoholona, ​​​​pono e loaʻa i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā puka komo i loko o ka hale. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hale i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lole (nā mea hoʻohui - aloha a me ka palekana, nā mea ʻino - ka lawe ʻana i nā mea ʻala a me ka makū, a me ka maʻalahi o ka nau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale lole), paʻa paʻa (nā mea hoʻohui - ʻaʻole e komo i nā mea ʻala, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, cons - ʻAʻole palekana loa i ka wā e nau ai ), plywood (ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa: e hoʻomoʻi i nā mea ʻala a me ka maʻamau, maʻalahi e nahu a loaʻa i ke kāpili, hiki ke palekana), a me ka pahu pahu (koi i ka hoʻololi pinepine, ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ipu seramika paʻa, ka niu a i ʻole nā ​​hīnaʻi wicker ma ke ʻano he hale.  

Hammock

ʻO kahi moena e kau ana i ka lole, ʻoiai aia nā koho ʻelua a me nā wicker. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā hammocks ma nā hale kūʻai holoholona, ​​​​hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā hammocks lima mai nā mea hana lima, a hiki ke humuhumu ʻia, kāhili ʻia mai ka ʻili pulupulu mānoanoa a i hana wikiwiki ʻia e ʻoe iho mai nā ʻōpala pono ʻole o ka lole a i ʻole nā ​​lole kahiko, ʻo ka koho maʻalahi loa he ʻāpana lima. a i ʻole ʻeke i ʻoki ʻia mai nā lole pono ʻole.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hammocks i pani ʻia a hāmama: ʻo nā hammocks i pani ʻia he "puka" ma waena o ʻelua papa o ka lole a hiki ke lilo i puʻuhonua no ka ʻiole mai ka mālamalama a i ʻole ke anuanu, ʻo nā hammock hāmama ka mea pinepine i hoʻokahi papa o ka lole ma luna o kahi ʻiole. hiki ke wahahee. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hammocks i ka māmā (kauwela) i hana ʻia i ka lole lahilahi a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi mau papa o ka lole. Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻiole i nā hammocks me ke aloha a ua mākaukau lākou e noho i loko o ia mau lā no nā lā ma hope, aʻo kekahi poʻe e haʻalele i ka hammocks. Hiki i ka ʻiole ke "hoʻonani" i ka hammock i kona ʻono, e ʻoki ana i nā lua i loko o ia mau wahi i ʻike ʻia he kūpono.  

Mea inu inu

Hiki i ka ipu wai ke kīʻaha maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea inu kūikawā mai kahi hale kūʻai holoholona. ʻO ke kīʻaha: ka liʻiliʻi - ua hoʻohaumia ka wai i loko me nā koena meaʻai mai nā wāwae o nā holoholona, ​​​​mea hoʻopihapiha, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, lilo i mea kūpono ʻole no ka inu ʻana, a huli maʻalahi hoʻi, hoʻopau i ka mea hoʻopiha a waiho i ka ʻiole me ka wai ʻole. No laila, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka wai i loko o ke kīʻaha ma ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mau manawa i ka lā a ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka mea e lepo. E hoʻohana wale i nā kīʻaha keramika kaumaha a i ʻole nā ​​kīʻaha me nā puʻu lāʻau. ʻO ka mea inu: ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea inu e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoheheʻe mechanical o ka wai, akā hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻohālike ke "jam" a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, e kahe mau, no laila hiki ke waiho ʻia ka ʻiole me ka inu ʻole i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. No laila, makemake ʻia ʻelua mau mea inu i loko o ka hale, a ma hope o ka ninini ʻana i ka wai hou i loko o ka mea inu, pono ʻoe e nānā mau me kou manamana lima inā e kahe ana ka wai. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea inu pōleʻa a me nā nipple, i hoʻopili ʻia ma waho o ka hale, i mea e pale ai i ka ʻiole mai ka ʻai ʻana i ka ipu wai.

Mea hānai / kīʻaha

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kīʻaha ʻelua: hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka nui, no ka meaʻai maloʻo, aia i loko o ka hale paʻa, a ʻo ka lua no nā meaʻai hoʻohui i ke ʻano o nā mea kanu / huaʻai, ka waiū a me nā huahana protein.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻokoʻa nā kīʻaha i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka hale. Hanaʻia nā kīʻaha maʻalahi ma keʻano o ka "pālaʻi" a kau waleʻia ma kahi papa a iʻole i loko o kahi pā, e kauʻia nā kīʻaha me nā mea paʻa ma nā kī o ka hale. No nāʻioleʻelua aʻekolu paha, e hanaʻia kekahi koho, akā no kaʻoi aku, makemakeʻia kahi "palapala" paʻa nui, hiki i nāʻiole ke hoʻopuni mai nāʻaoʻao a pau aʻai me ka hoʻopilikiaʻole i kekahi i kekahi. Hiki i nā kīʻaha ke metala (ʻoi aku - ʻaʻole gnawing, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole komo i nā mea ʻala, cons - maʻalahi ke hoʻohuli a neʻe, rattles), makemake ʻia nā kīʻaha metala. ʻO nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia me ka plastic paʻa (nā mea hoʻohui - maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i nā mea ʻala, nā minuses - chewable, māmā). ʻO nā kīʻaha seramika a mānoanoa paha ka koho maikaʻi loa no nā kīʻaha "pāʻina", no ka mea he kaumaha a paʻa nā kīʻaha i hana ʻia i kēia mau mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia. 

Hoʻomaha

Hiki i nā ʻiole ke aʻo e hele i ka pā rodent, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia, no ka mea aia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe, a aia nā ʻiole palahe, hiki i kekahi ke nānā ʻole i ka pā a hoʻohana paha ia no nā kumu ʻē aʻe - ma ke ʻano he wahi moe a hale kūʻai paha no nā lako. Inā maʻemaʻe ka ʻiole a hele i ka lua ma kahi kihi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i kahi pā ma laila. Hiki paha ia i kahi pā kihi kūikawā no nā rodents, rabbit a ferrets, a i ʻole kahi pahu meaʻai me ka uhi ʻole.

mea lealea

I ʻole e luhi ka ʻiole, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā kaula, nā alapiʻi, nā ramps, nā tunnels i hana ʻia me ka plastic a me ka pahu pahu, nā mea pāʻani lāʻau no nā rodents a me nā parrots, kahi huila holo i loko o ka hale (pono ka paʻa a me ke anawaena nui, e pale aku i ka ʻeha).

Hoʻopiha hale

Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻiole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea ʻōpala a i kekahi ʻano pale i nā mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, pale i nā wāwae, nā ʻōpū a me nā huelo o nā ʻiole mai nā hopena o ka ʻōpala.

• Mea hoʻopiha meaʻai: mauʻu, kulina
• Nā mea hoʻopiha pepa a me nā moena moe: cellulose, nā kāwele pepa / kāwele;
• Pepa hoʻoheheʻe

ʻO ka pahu lāʻau no ka ʻiole

ʻO ka sawdust ka mea hoʻopiha maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, hana pinepine ʻia lākou mai nā lāʻau coniferous, a he nui nā ʻiole i pane i nā nila i ke ʻano o ka huhū a me ka mumū o nā mucous membranes o ka ʻōpū hanu kiʻekiʻe, a me nā māmā. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka sawdust ke maikaʻi loa a me ka lepo, e hoʻonāukiuki hou i ka mucous membrane o ka ihu a me nā maka. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka sawdust palupalu nui mai ka lāʻau coniferous ke lilo i mea hoʻopihapiha maikaʻi inā aia kahi kumu hoʻopunipuni i loko o ka hale: ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻiole ke hiki i ka sawdust, ʻo ka sawdust i ka pane ʻana ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu i ka lepo a ʻaʻole komo i ka ihu a maka. I nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sawdust i mea hoʻopiha no nā ʻiole. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka sawdust liʻiliʻi, lanakila ka shavings i hoʻokahi mea: ʻoi aku ka nui, no laila ʻaʻole ia e lepo a ʻaʻole pili i ka ihu a me nā maka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau non-coniferous (deciduous) nui ma lalo o kahi kumu hoʻopunipuni a ninini ʻia i loko o kahi pallet a i ʻole nā ​​pā. ʻO kēia kahi mamao loa mai ka koho maikaʻi loa, akā aia iā ia ke kuleana e ola inā ʻaʻole i pane nā ʻiole i ke alo o nā ʻāpana me ka sneezing a me ka ihu holo. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā coniferous, lepo a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ʻia i mea hoʻopiha.

Hōʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻopiha lāʻau paʻi ma ka mākeke e nā granules a i ʻole pellets. He ʻano mea hoʻopiha kaulana loa nā pellets, mālama lākou i ka makū a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka sawdust, akā naʻe lākou, lepo, a hāʻule i loko o ka lepo maikaʻi ke pulu loa. He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻopiha lāʻau paʻi inā loaʻa kahi lalo wahaheʻe i loko o ka hale, ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka mea, he mea kūpono ʻole ia no nā ʻiole i ka wā e neʻe ai, hiki ke hōʻeha loa i ka ʻili o nā wāwae a hiki ke hana i ka pododermatitis. , a ma ke ano o ka lepo hiki ke hoonaukiuki i ka mucous membrane o ka ihu a me ka maka iole. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā granules coniferous a me nā pellets e hoʻohana i mea hoʻopihapiha.

ʻO nā ʻāpana lāʻau i kēia manawa kahi koho maikaʻi i nā ʻano mea hoʻopihapiha ʻē aʻe. E ʻoluʻolu e kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai holoholona ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha no nā terrariums a ma ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa me ka pilikia ʻole ma nā hale kūʻai lako ma lalo o ka inoa "chips for smoke". ʻAʻole lepo nā ʻāpana lāʻau a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka mucous membrane, inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi hua lāʻau paʻakikī. ʻO ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā wāwae ʻiole aia nō i loko o ka palena ʻae ʻia, akā naʻe, no ka poʻe ʻelemakule, maʻi, nā ʻiole kaumaha loa a i ʻole nā ​​​​iole me ka predisposition i ka pododermatitis, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i kēia ʻano mea hoʻopihapiha me ka ʻole o ka lalo wahaheʻe. No nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe a pau, kūpono ka mea hoʻopiha no ka hiamoe ʻana i loko o nā pā a me kahi pallet, a ma lalo o kahi kumu hoʻopunipuni. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻāpana lāʻau coniferous.

Mea hoʻopiha huaʻai no nā ʻiole

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka Hay no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻiole. Ma muli o ka elasticity o kēlā me kēia lau o ka mauʻu a me ke ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā maka o nā holoholona kelepona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e paʻa i ka ʻala a me ka makū, a i nā manawa he nui ka lepo a me ka pilina lōʻihi e hiki ai ke kumu. he hopena ma ke ʻano o ka mumū a me ka pehu o ka mucous membranes, sneezing. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hua o nā parasites i lawe ʻia me ka feces a me ka mimi o nā holoholona āpau i loko o ka mauʻu. Inā makemakeʻia, e noʻonoʻo i nā pilikia a pau, hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka mauʻu no ka heleʻana, e hāʻawi ana i nāʻiole no ke kūkuluʻana i nā "pūnana". ʻAʻole pono ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu maloʻo i ka ʻiole.

ʻO ka mea hoʻopiha kulina i loko o nā ʻāpana kulina i ʻoki ʻia a hele mai i ʻekolu ʻano - ka hakina maikaʻi, ka hakina koʻikoʻi a me nā granules. ʻO kēia ʻano mea hoʻopiha i kēia manawa ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea hānai ʻiole. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he nui nā hemahema o ka hoʻopiha kulina: he walaʻau loa; i nāʻiole me ke kaumaha nui a iʻole keʻano o ka pododermatitis, hiki ke alakaʻi i nāʻeha a me ka mumū o kaʻili o nā wāwae; He mea paʻakikī iā lākou ke neʻe ma luna o ia ʻano paʻa ʻole, hiki ke ʻeha ke hehi ʻia, a hoʻāʻo kekahi mau ʻiole e pale aku no kēia kumu. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana hanu a me nā mucous membranes, no laila, hoʻololi pinepine ʻia nā ʻiole me nā maʻi hanu maʻi, mālama maikaʻi ia i nā mea ʻala a me ka wai, a ʻo ka mea hoʻopiha palaoa e palekana loa e ʻai.

Hoʻopiha pepa no nā ʻiole

ʻAʻole kūpono ka pepa keʻena i mea hoʻopiha no nā ʻiole. ʻO nā hemahema koʻikoʻi nā kihi ʻoi, hiki ke waiho i nā ʻoki koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻala a me ka wai. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pepa i haehae ʻia (ʻaʻole i ʻoki ʻia!) i loko o nā ʻāpana lōʻihi e ʻono paha i nā ʻiole no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana a he hana hoihoi ma ka pā.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā nūpepa, nā nūpepa a me nā mea paʻi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka hale paʻi, e like me ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻīnika paʻi, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka aila maloʻo, phenols, formaldehyde, petroleum aila, resins synthetic, paʻakai metala (cobalt, manganese, aluminika, hao, a pela aku) * hoohanaia. Hiki i kēia mau mea a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻili ke hoʻopōʻino i ke olakino o nā ʻiole ma muli o ka ʻona mau, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka hoʻopili maʻamau a pololei. Me nā huahana hou a me nā huahana i paʻi ʻia ma mua o ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 90, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi pilina: i ka hihia mua, ma muli o ka evaporation o ka inika paʻi, ma ka lua, ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paʻakai kepau i nā puaʻa kahiko. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā nūpepa a me nā makasina ke hoʻopaʻa pono i ka makū a me nā mea ʻala.

He mea kūpono wale nō ka ʻiole cellulose no ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻiole a i ʻole ka papa lua ma luna o nā litters granular, e like me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻala, ʻaʻole ia i kūpono. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o kēia ʻano mea hoʻopihapiha, ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia e ʻaka, makemake nā ʻiole, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i nā wāwae.

He maikaʻi nā kāwele pepa a i ʻole nā ​​kāwele no ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko o ka hale paʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea pani no ka ʻōpala, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ʻaʻole ma ke kumu mau a no kēlā mau ʻiole makemake e nahu i ka pepa a kauo i ko lākou hale a i ʻole hana i nā "pūnana". ʻO nā kāwele a me nā kāwele ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka ʻala a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a maʻalahi ka "hoʻopau ʻia" e nā ʻiole, no laila pono lākou e hoʻololi ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi 2 manawa i ka lā. Akā i ka manawa like he hypoallergenic lākou, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi moe i loko o nā hale, kūpono i nā ʻiole me nā maʻi hanu, nā mucous membrane maʻalahi, pododermatitis, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka hale me nā ʻiole hānai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana wale i nā napkin a me nā kāwele me ka ʻole o ke ʻano a me nā kala.

Nā mea hoʻopiha ʻole

Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi nā diapers i nā mea ʻala/makū a kūpono loa i nā ʻiole ʻelemakule, maʻi a nāwaliwali, e ʻae iā lākou e mālama ʻia i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka hale maʻemaʻe a maloʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i nā diapers ma nā papa a pololei i ka pallet me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka masking tape a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana ʻē aʻe. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokomo i nā ʻiole nahu ʻole wale i loko o nā diaper, a inā ʻaʻole makemake lākou e haehae i ka moena. 

Mea ʻai iole

ʻO nā ʻiole he ʻiole omnivorous, no laila, ʻo kā lākou meaʻai e komo i ka palaoa, ka mea kanu, ka protein, a me nā huahana waiu ʻawaʻawa.

• Mea ʻai iole

ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai he meaʻai kūikawā no nā ʻiole, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma kahi hale kūʻai holoholona. Hoʻopiha i ka meaʻai me ka haku mele ʻana a me ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea mua i ka haku ʻana o ia ʻano meaʻai mau ka palaoa (palaoa), aia mau ka protein holoholona i loko o ka hānai a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka momona o ka 10%. ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona mua i noʻonoʻo ai ka mea hana i nā pono kumu o nā ʻiole. ʻAʻole hiki i nā meaʻai maʻamau ke hoʻokomo i nā protein holoholona (ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi), loaʻa ka nui o nā hua liʻiliʻi (rye, oats, bale, millet), ʻilihune loa, momona, kiʻekiʻe-calorie, a pēlā aku. ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻiole, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻohui a kaulike: hoʻohui i ka meaʻai momona me ka palaoa, hoʻohui i ka palaoa i ka meaʻai me ka nui o ka oats, hoʻololi i ka meaʻai me ka haku mele maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻohui i ka protein i ka meaʻai me ka ʻole o ka protein holoholona.

Pono nā ʻiole he kīʻaha meaʻai mau. I nā ʻiole i piha i ka piha, hiki ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka "dosed nutrition", ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻopiha ʻia ke kīʻaha i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, ma muli o ka awelika o ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā o ka ʻiole makua he punetune o ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hiki ke kaupalena ʻia nā ʻiole i ka ʻai a hiki i ʻeono mahina.

• Pākuʻi protein

ʻO ke kumu o ka protein holoholona no nā ʻiole hiki ke hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka ʻiʻo wīwī, ka moa, ka iʻa a me ka iʻa, ka moa a i ʻole nā ​​hua quail, ka meaʻai pēpē ʻiʻo, zofobas, crickets, mealworm, ʻūhini, gammarus, ʻīlio maloʻo a i ʻole ka meaʻai pipi ma ka liʻiliʻi loa. papa.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka protein holoholona i nā ʻiole ma kahi o 1-2 mau manawa i ka pule. No nā keiki ʻiole a hiki i ʻeono mahina, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka protein holoholona i nā manawa he nui e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā holoholona makua a hāʻawi ʻia i nā manawa he nui i ka pule. Mea nui: ʻo ka ʻōpiopio o ka ʻiole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka protein holoholona e pono ai i kona kino no ka ulu maʻamau.

• ʻAʻahu luna ʻai meaʻai

Loaʻa i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ka nui o nā huaora a me nā minela. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka calorie o kēia mau huahana, he hopena maikaʻi i ka "kiʻi" o nā ʻiole. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai he nui ka nui o ke kō, no laila pono lākou e emi i ka ʻai a ka ʻiole ma mua o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā ʻiole pili i ka momona. E ʻoluʻolu, ʻo ke ʻano mea kanu o ka meaʻai hoʻohui he mea hoʻohui wale nō, ʻaʻole ka mea nui o ka ʻai a ka ʻiole. Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nui o ka hānai succulent i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me ka pōʻino nui i ka maikaʻi a me ke olakino o ka holoholona.

Pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā hua i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻohe ʻike "ka helu o kēlā me kēia lā", no ka mea. no kēlā me kēia holoholona, ​​e lilo kēia maʻamau i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ma ka awelika, ʻo 10-15 grams o nā mea kanu / hua i kēlā me kēia ʻiole i kēlā me kēia lā ka nui ma hope o laila ʻaʻohe pilikia.

• Pākuʻi waiu fermented

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā huahana waiū fermented e like me ka cottage cheese, yogurt a i ʻole kefir: he kumu kūpono lākou o ka calcium, a loaʻa pū kekahi lacto- a me bifidobacteria i pono no ka ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, ʻai nā ʻiole me ka hauʻoli nui. ʻO ka "contraindication" wale nō i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka waiū ʻawaʻawa i loko o ka ʻai ʻana o nā ʻiole, ʻo ia ka lactose intolerance, e kū pinepine ana i nā ʻiole, a hōʻike ʻia i ka huhū o ka ʻōpū, a hiki i ka maʻi maʻi (no laila, i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai i kahi huahana hou i ka ʻai o ʻiole, pono mau ke nānā i ka hopena o kona kino iā ia ma ka hānai ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaka ai).

• Hoʻolālā

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa nā mea ʻono: kūʻai ʻia a hana ʻia i ka home, mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau a ʻaʻole pono i ka kuke ʻana. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana, aia nā contraindications a me nā helu hoʻohana. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole pono ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻiole me ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino: ka momona, nā loli i ka metabolism a me nā pae hormonal, hōʻole i ka meaʻai, a ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻiole. 

ʻO ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i ka ʻiole

• Hoʻokahi

Buckwheat, millet, rye, bale, peaches, apricots, strawberries, maiʻa, blueberries, rose hips, apple, raspberries, cranberries, red ashberries, huawaina, watermelon, kāloti, kukama, lettuce, paukena, zucchini, zucchini, kaʻiʻo lean paila, ka moa, ka iʻa, ka iʻa, nā hua manu, ka gammarus, zofobas, yogurt, kefir, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi momona, nā pahū paʻakai ʻole.

• Hiki iā ia ma nā helu liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻole o ka intolerance: 

ʻO ka kulina, ka ʻoʻa, ka palaoa, ka pears, ka pomegerane, ka plum, ke kiwi, ka ʻalani, ka bele, nā ʻōmato, nā beets, nā pī, nā wōnati, nā acorns, cashews, hua sunflower, ʻanoʻano paukena, niu, hazelnuts, waiu, nā mea i kālua ʻia, nā kuki momona ʻole.

• ʻAʻole pono

Piʻi, millet, kāpeti, radishes, radishes, turnips, pi, pepa wela, peppercorns, onions, garlic, sausages, sausages, bacon, iwi hua, nā meaʻai paʻakai a me nā meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, waiu condensed, kilika ʻawaʻawa, paʻakai momona, ʻono, jam, nā ʻōpala , ke kō, ka waiʻona, nā mea ʻai, nā kīʻaha laʻa, nā mea ʻala, paʻakai, momona, palai, puhi ʻia, nā meaʻai ʻino a popopo, nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

Meaʻai mineral

ʻO ka pōhaku mineral kahi kumu o nā mea kūkulu hale e pono ai no nā iwi a me nā niho, a mālama pū kekahi i ko lākou ikaika. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā minerale e hana ana i ka pōhaku e pili ana i ke kaʻina metabolic, e hoʻomalu i ka wai a me ke koena acid-base i ke kino. Ma waho aʻe o nā pōmaikaʻi olakino maikaʻi loa, pono nō hoʻi ka pōhaku mineral ma muli o kona nani e like me ka mea e nahu ai. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻohe paʻakai i loko o ka pōhaku. Inā he paʻakai / paʻakai ka pōhaku, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe. He kūpono ka paʻakai papa no ka hānai wale ʻana i nā herbivores (puaʻa guinea, rapeti). Inā ʻōlelo ka pūʻolo "pōhaku paʻakai mineral" a i ʻole "nā mea hoʻohui mineral", e nānā i nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka pūʻolo. Inā ʻaʻohe paʻakai i ka haku mele, a laila kūpono ka pōhaku i nā ʻiole. Inā hōʻike ʻia ka paʻakai (sodium chloride, ka paʻakai ʻai, ka paʻakai papaʻaina) a i ʻole ke ʻano maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pūʻolo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pōhaku i loaʻa ʻole kēia mau mea. He koho maikaʻi loa ka Sepia i ka pōhaku mineral. Pono e koho i ka sepia maoli, ʻaʻole i kona hoʻohālike ʻana, no ka mea, he paʻakai paha ka sepia a me nā mea pono ʻole no ka ʻiole. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka peni kula keʻokeʻo maʻamau i nā ʻiole (a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe) e ʻai, aia ka peni kula i nā mea hoʻohui e hiki ke hōʻeha i nā ʻiole a ʻaʻole lawe wale i kekahi pōmaikaʻi, no ka laʻana, ka nui o ka gypsum a me ke kāpili.

Malama Iole

Ka mālama lauoho

Mālama ka ʻiole i kona lauoho ponoʻī, pinepine me ka mālama pono. A inā noho ʻo ia i kahi hui, kahi i makemake ʻia, a laila kōkua ʻia ʻo ia e hana i kēia - ua kapa ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa like ʻana a lawelawe i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pilina pili ma waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi. Inā olakino ka ʻiole a mālama iā ia iho, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kōkua iā ia i ka mālama lauoho, hiki iā ia ke mālama iā ia iho. Loaʻa nā pilikia i nā holoholona nāwaliwali, nā holoholona kahiko, he paʻakikī ke hiki, no ka laʻana, i ke kua) a ma kēia hihia e pono ai lākou i kāu kōkua.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻiole me ke koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻelua ʻāpana:

Huluhulu huluhulu. ʻO kahi pulumu niho hou i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia me nā bristles palupalu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kēia. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wehe ʻana i ka lima lōʻihi (no ka mea ʻaʻole makemake nā ʻiole i ka mea hana ʻē me ka lima lōʻihi a hoʻouka pinepine lākou i kahi pulupulu "piha" a ʻoki i ka ʻiole, e paʻa ana i ke poʻo o ka pulumu niho me ka manamana lima a me ka manamana lima (ʻo ia hoʻi, me he mea la e pee ana mawaena o kona mau manamana lima). ʻAʻole pono ka holoi ʻana i ka ʻiole, ʻo ka holoi ʻana he ana ʻoi loa ia inā e haumia i kahi mea pili loa, holoi maikaʻi ʻole a ʻino a pōʻino. Hana ʻia ka holoi ʻana me ka wai mahana a me ka shampoo no nā rodents, ma hope o ka holoi ʻana, holoi maikaʻi ʻia me ke kāwele a ʻae e maloʻo, pale i ka ea anuanu a me nā kikoʻī, maʻalahi loa nā ʻiole i ke anu.

Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka huelo

ʻElua wale nō kumu e kau ai ʻoe i ka ʻiole i kahi kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe huelo:

1. ʻO ka hōʻike e hiki mai ana, kahi e loaʻa ai i kahi ʻiole me kahi huelo nani a maʻemaʻe ke kiʻekiʻe.
2. Wela wela. ʻO ka hoʻololi wela i nā ʻiole ma o ka huelo, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. Inā haumia nui, paʻakikī ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻiole (ka wela wela).

Pehea e hana pono ai:

No ka holoi ʻana, pono ʻoe i kahi pulupulu niho palupalu, shampoo rodent, a me ka wai mahana. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e "hoʻoulu" ka huelo i ka wai kopa. Inā lawe mālie ka ʻiole - hiki ke hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka huelo i loko o kahi pahu wai, inā ʻaʻole - pono e hoʻolū mālie ʻia, holoi ʻia me ka pulupulu pulu kopa. E lawe i kahi pulupulu niho a me ka mālie, me ka ʻole o ke kaomi ikaika, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka huelo ma ke kuhikuhi mai ke kumu a hiki i ka piko, ʻo ia hoʻi i ke ala o ka ulu ʻana o nā unahi, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo! ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hamo i ka huelo me ka ikaika - hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻino a haehae i nā unahi. Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe, mai paʻa i ka ʻiole ma ka piko o ka huelo! Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia ka huelo palaki me ka wai maʻemaʻe a maloʻo me kahi kāwele. Inā haumia loa ka huelo o ka ʻiole, mai hoʻāʻo e holoi i ka manawa hoʻokahi - ʻaʻole e holo, e hōʻeha wale ʻoe inā hoʻāʻo ʻoe i ka wā hoʻomaʻemaʻe. E hana hou i ke kaʻina hana i hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha, a e holoi mālie ʻia ka huelo. He mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia o ka huelo e pili kokoke ana i nā kūlana o ka paʻa. I loko o kahi hale liʻiliʻi, mālama ʻole ʻia, kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka huelo o nā ʻiole.

Ka mālama pepeiao a me ka maka, ʻoki kui

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, koe wale nō hiki iā ʻoe ke holoi i ka waha me ka pulupulu pulupulu pulu, inā ʻaʻole holoi ka ʻiole iā ia iho, e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻiole kahiko. I kekahi manawa e nānā i ke kōkua kūpono inā loaʻa kahi maʻi. Hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ka ʻiole iā lākou iho a nānā i ka lōʻihi a me ka ʻoi o nā maiuu, ʻaʻole pono ka mālama kūikawā. ʻOiai, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia me kahi ʻoki kui:

1. ʻO ka nele o ka mālama pono ʻana i nā maiuu i ke ʻano kūpono, hiki kēia i nā ʻiole ʻelemakule a maʻi paha.
2. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole ka hui ʻana, i ʻole e hōʻeha hou i ka ʻili i ʻeha.
3. Ke hoʻokomoʻia nā holoholona hou, i mea e hoʻonele ai i nā "mea nona" o ka hale paʻa i ka manawa e'ōpala nui ai i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i kahi o ka mea hou i loko o kēia hale.

ʻO ka mālama mālama pipi

I kēlā me kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā niho a me ka waha o ka ʻiole no nā ʻeha, nā maʻi a me ka ulu ʻana o nā niho a lawe i nā hana kūpono e hoʻopau i nā pilikia.

ʻIole a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe

Pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻiole i loko o ka hale hoʻokahi me nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe. Akā hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio ma waho o ka hale ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe:

• ʻIole a me nā ʻīlio

Hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio maikaʻi kekahi i kekahi inā ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻīlio i ka mea pio i loko o ka ʻiole a makaʻu ʻole iā ia. Hiki i nā ʻiole ke kamaʻilio me nā ʻīlio aloha ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi a ka mea nāna e mālama i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana, a pono ʻoe e hoʻolauna pono iā lākou. Hiki i ka ʻiole ke nahu i ka ʻīlio me ka ʻeha, inā he makaʻu a palekana paha, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻīlio. Pono e nānā pono i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana a ʻaʻole e waiho wale iā lākou.

• ʻIole a me nā pōpoki

Hiki i nā ʻiole a me nā pōpoki ke noho like a kamaʻilio ma ke ʻano maluhia, ʻai, hiamoe a pāʻani pū kekahi, i kekahi manawa mālama lākou i ke kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻokokoke kekahi i kekahi. Akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma mua o ka ʻole, he pōʻino nā pōpoki i nā ʻiole, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana a me ke ʻala o ka ʻiole e hoʻāla ai i nā manaʻo hahai holoholona i nā pōpoki, mai ka pāʻani maʻalahi a i kahi hoʻouka koʻikoʻi. Pono e waiho ʻia ka hale ʻiole ma kahi hiki ʻole i nā pōpoki, a inā ʻaʻole hiki, pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia i ʻole e hāʻule i ka nānā ʻana i nā pōpoki hoihoi, a piʻi i luna o ka hale.

• ʻO ka ʻiole a me ka lapiti, ka puaʻa puaʻa

Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi pilina pili aloha i ka wā e hālāwai ai ma ka holo. ʻOiai, ma muli o nā ʻano pilikino o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia holoholona, ​​hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, no laila pono ke nānā ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana.

• ʻO nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi - nā ʻiole, hamster, gerbils a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana he pōʻino i kahi ʻiole liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka ʻiole ke hoʻouka a hoʻopilikia nui, a hiki i ka make. Aia nā ʻokoʻa, kakaʻikahi loa, i ka hihia o ka noho pū ʻana mai ka wā kamaliʻi, hiki i nā holoholona ke mālama i kekahi i kekahi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kēia, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole e hoʻopilikia ka ʻiole i ka wā o ka he paio.

• ʻIole a me nā manu

No nā manu liʻiliʻi (nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, finches, canaries, goldfinches), mālama pinepine ʻia nā ʻiole ma ke ʻano he pio. Hiki i nā manu nui (nā kākā nui, corvids) ke hōʻeha nui iā lākou iho i ka ʻiole.

• ʻIole a me nā ferrets, nā nahesa, nā moʻo nui, nā honu wai, nā pueo.

He pōʻino i ka ʻiole, e ʻike i ka ʻiole he pio, hiki ke hōʻeha nui a hiki i ka make.

• ʻIole a me nā honu

ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio ma ke ʻano aloha, ʻo ka mea pinepine e pau ke kamaʻilio me ka nahu ʻana e ka ʻiole honu, inā he ʻiole ʻāina. Hiki i nā honu wai ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻiole.

• ʻO ka ʻiole a me nā mea ʻokoʻa, nā molluscs

Manaʻo ka ʻiole i nā mollusks, nā inike i mea pio, a ma ka liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻāʻo i ka niho. Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻiole ma muli o ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻiole, ke kunou, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole ka nahu ʻana o ka ʻiole e ka spider a i ʻole ka moʻo huelo ʻawa. I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono e mālama ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana o ka ʻiole me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai inā maopopo ʻoe i ka palekana o kēia pilina, a me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ka ʻiole a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. * nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

Hele wāwae a pāʻani me ka ʻiole

Noho nā ʻiole ʻāhiu i nā lua malu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano wahi peʻe ʻē aʻe a ʻimi i ka meaʻai ma kahi kokoke. Hoʻoholo nui kēia ʻano ʻelua o ka lumi noho i ke ʻano o nā ʻiole nani a hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻano. No laila, ʻo ka pono o ka ʻiole no ka hele wāwae i kēlā me kēia lā, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he ʻano hana i hoʻoili ʻia e nā ʻiole kāhiko mai ko lākou mau kūpuna hihiu, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he pono kino no ka neʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole i nā kūlana hale. pono noʻonoʻo no nā manaʻo hou a me nā manaʻo. ʻOiai ʻo ka hale paʻa he puʻuhonua no nā ʻiole, ʻo ka hele wāwae e hoʻohui i nā ʻano like ʻole i ke ola o ka ʻiole - ʻo ia ko lākou wahi noho mau, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke aʻo i nā mea hou, pāʻani, pāʻani a kamaʻilio piha me ka mea nona. No ka hoʻonanea ʻana i ka wahi hele wāwae no nā ʻiole, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho e like me ia. No kēia, kūpono nā mea a me nā mea:

• Plaid a i ʻole ka uhi moe
• ʻO nā pahu, nā tunnels, nā uluna, nā hale pōpoki a me nā mea pāʻani, nā napkin, nā poloka lāʻau, nā kinipōpō, nā lālā nui no ka piʻi ʻana a me ka nibbling.
• Nā mea pāʻani hoʻonaʻauao (no ka laʻana, no nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio, no ka unuhi ʻana i nā meaʻai mai lākou)
• Kāwili ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia ka lole nui

Hiki ke wahi no ka hele wāwae ma ka sofa a i ʻole ka moena a ma ka papahele. Pono ka hele wāwae ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi wale ʻana o ka mea nona, i mea e pale aku ai i nā uwea nahu ʻia, nā puke, ka pakele ʻana o nā ʻiole, a me nā ʻeha o nā ʻiole a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I ka hele wāwae ʻana, hiki i ka ʻiole ke pāʻani me nā mea pāʻani, holo i loko o nā labyrinths o nā pahu a me nā lole lole, hui pū me nā holoholona aloha ʻē aʻe, ʻimi i nā mea huna huna, a kamaʻilio pū me ka mea nona. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka leʻaleʻa waho: kahi pā me ka wai, nā pōhaku a me nā pī ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i manaʻo ʻia e hopu ʻia a ʻai ʻia. Alanui hoʻomake Kiʻi na Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

aʻo ʻiole

No nā ʻiole (e like me nā pōpoki), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. ʻO ia mau hana me ka ʻiole e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pilina hilinaʻi.

No ka uku, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a ka ʻiole makemake a loaʻa ʻole. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka ʻiole, makaʻu ka ʻiole, pau ka hilinaʻi a ʻaʻole e launa hou.

Hiki i nā ʻiole ke hoʻomanaʻo a hoʻokō i nā kauoha he nui: lawe mai i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou mau lima a i ʻole e waiho i loko o ka hīnaʻi / kīʻaha, ʻōwili pepa pahu a me nā kaʻa, holo wikiwiki i ka ʻiole, piʻi i nā kaula, lele mai kahi paepae a hiki i ka lima, wehe i nā kaula kāmaʻa, hāʻawi i ka wāwae, ʻōwili a ʻoi aku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi clicker, hana i kahi papa pale liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana i nā mea improvised a me nā mea pāʻani no nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. He hoaaloha maikaʻi ka ʻiole, he hoa hoihoi a me ka pipi!