10 mau ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i nā sponges - nā holoholona maʻamau ʻole o kā mākou honua

ʻAʻohe lolo o kēia mea ola, ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻāpana, akā naʻe, ua helu ʻia ka ʻōhua kai ma ke ʻano he holoholona. Ua ʻike nui ʻia lākou no ko lākou hiki ke hana hou. Ma ke ʻano kiʻi, inā e kānana ʻoe i ka ʻōhuʻu ma kahi kānana, hiki nō ke ola hou.

He 20 mau makahiki ko lākou ola, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano hiki ke ola a hiki i 1 makahiki. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano mea paʻakikī no nā hana kanaka. Ma mua, ua lawe ʻia lākou mai ke kai mai e kūʻai ʻia e like me nā lole holoi, akā i kēia manawa ua aʻo nā kānaka i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka lole holoi e like loa me kēia mea ola.

I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 mau ʻano o nā sponges i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo 000 wale nō o lākou i hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana home. Noho nā sponges i nā kūlana like ʻole a loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole. He mau holoholona ʻokoʻa kēia, no laila ua hōʻiliʻili mākou no ʻoe i nā mea hoihoi loa 11 e pili ana i nā sponges.

10 He kānana wai maoli

Hoʻohana nui ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā sponges e nā kānaka. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he ipu inu lawe, no ka uhi ʻana ma lalo o ka mahiole a no ka kānana wai.. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pūhui olaola he nui. Loaʻa iā lākou nā antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal a me nā waiwai anticancer.

ʻOi aku ka nui o 200 mau manawa i ka nui o ko lākou kino i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka loko wai pili iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomalu i ka nui o ka wai a lākou e hoʻokuʻu ai ma o ka emi ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ko lākou pores. ʻOi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani flagella liʻiliʻi e kuʻi mau ana, a laila kānana i ke kahe mau o ka wai. Hiki ke kapa ʻia lākou he "filter feeders" o ke kai.

9. Aia ma waena o lākou he mau mea ʻaihue

ʻO ke kumu, he holoholona kahiko nā sponges, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻaihue i waena o lākou. Ua ʻike ʻia ka sponge predatory Asbestopluma hypogea mai ka ʻohana Cladorhizidae i ka makahiki 1996.. Noho ʻo ia i nā wai anuanu, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka 13-15 degere. Ma kahi hohonu a hiki i 25 mika, hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona kino oval i nā paia o ke ana a kali i ka mea pio.

ʻAi ka ʻōhuʻu i nā arthropod liʻiliʻi, i hopu ʻia me kona mau filament i hoʻolako ʻia me nā makau. Hoʻopili ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o kekahi mau lā. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau i kēia mea ola. Ke komo nei kēlā me kēia cell i ke kaʻina hana a ʻai kūʻokoʻa i ka mea pio. Pēlā lākou e hoʻolilo ai i ko lākou ola a pau. ʻAʻole lākou e neʻe, akā noho wale ma luna o kahi ʻili paʻa a kali i ka mea pio.

8. ʻAʻohe o lākou kino o loko.

ʻAʻohe ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​okana i kamaʻāina i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.. Akā, ke kamaʻilio nei lākou me ka honua o waho ma ke ala hoʻokahi ma nā wahi āpau o ko lākou kino. Hana kēlā me kēia cell i kāna mau hana pono'ī a me kāna mau hana, akā he pilina maikaʻi ʻole kā lākou. Ma ka ʻepekema, ʻae ʻia ʻaʻohe ʻiʻo nā sponges.

ʻO ke kaʻina o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻeli ʻana i ka meaʻai ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Hopu nā sponges predatory i ka mea pio a puʻunaue i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia mea i kahi cell kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻai. Ua like ke kaʻina hopu ʻana me ka amoeba.

7. ʻEkolu ʻano

Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ʻekolu ʻano hana o nā sponges: ascon, sicon, leucon. ʻO ka mana hope o nā sponges i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma muli o kona ʻano a me kāna mau hana. Noho pinepine ʻia nā ʻano ʻano leuconoid i nā kolo.

6. Noho mau ma kahi hoʻokahi

Noho nā ʻōhuhi kai ma lalo, aia kekahi ma nā paia o nā ana. Hoʻopili lākou iā lākou iho i kahi ʻili paʻa a noho ʻole.. ʻAʻole lākou koho i ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā lākou ke noho pū me nā wai anuanu a me nā wai mahana, a me nā ana ʻeleʻele kahi e komo ʻole ai ka mālamalama.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano i ka wai maʻemaʻe, akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia no nā pono kanaka. ʻO nā sponges mai ke Kaiwaenahonua, ka Aegean a me ke Kaiʻula i loaʻa ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa.

5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā Dolphins i ko lākou ʻōpū me kā lākou kōkua

Ua lōʻihi ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻepekema i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hahai kekahi mau iʻa me nā ʻōhuʻu ma ko lākou ihu. Ua maopopo ka poe nana e hana ana lakou ia mea no ka pale. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i nā iʻa ke hōʻeha iā lākou iho.

Akā, ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻike he ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻai ʻana o nā iʻa e hahai ana ma kēia ʻano, a me nā iʻa ʻole i hoʻohana i kēia hana. ʻAi ka poʻe ma mua i ka meaʻai i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iā lākou, ʻo ka hahai holoholona kokoke i kahakai a ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka ʻeha. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻopilikia ka sponges i ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā mammals.

4. Hoʻopau ka poʻe i ke koko

Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā sponges no nā kumu like ʻole. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoi loa a palupalu i ka ʻoki ʻana e hoʻōki i ke koko mai ka wā kahiko.. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Euspongia no kēia kumu. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻōhuʻu. ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu maʻemaʻe like ʻole. Ma muli o ka ʻimi pinepine ʻia o kēia ʻano, i kēia lā ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona heluna kanaka.

Akā ʻo ka nui o nā sponges e mālama i kā lākou mau lāʻau lapaʻau, mahalo i nā pūhui biological pono. ʻO nā sponges kai ke kumu waiwai loa o nā pūhui pharmacologically actively o nā mea ola kai āpau.

3. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me nā lole holoi

I ka honua hou, ʻaʻole kaulana nā lole holoi sponge, akā ua hana mau ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui, kūʻai ʻia lākou e ka poʻe maʻi i nā mea synthetic a i ʻole mālama i ko lākou ʻili wale nō me nā mea kūlohelohe.

No kēia mau kumu, e lawe i ka ʻōhuhi Mediterranean a i ʻole Caribbean. Loaʻa nā ʻōhuʻu palupalu a porous loa i kēia mau kai. Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau lole holoi ma ke ʻano he maʻalahi a maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e ninini i ka sponge me ka wai mahana. E pehu a loaʻa nā ʻano pono a pau no ka holoi ʻana.

2. Ua hana lākou i lāʻau no ka maʻi kanesa

Ua ʻike ʻia nā waiwai maikaʻi o nā ʻūhā kai mai ka wā kahiko, no laila ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hele i mua a hana i kahi lāʻau no kahi maʻi hiki ʻole ke lanakila mai iā lākou. Ua hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema mai ʻAmelika a me Iapana ke hoʻohui i nā molekala mai kekahi ʻano o nā sponges a hana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika loa mai ia mau mea, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e lohi a hoʻopau i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, me ka maʻi kanesa....

Ma hope i ka makahiki 1980, ua ʻike nā limahana hana i kahi mole e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi maʻi ʻino. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noiʻi laboratory ma nā ʻiole.

Ma ka makahiki 1990, ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema Iapana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi kanesa, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i inoa - Eisai. Ua ʻae ʻia e nā luna kiʻekiʻe a pau a ke mālama nei lākou i ka maʻi maʻi umauma. ʻAʻole i pau ke kaʻina hana o ke aʻo ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, i kēia manawa ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana ikaika i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e kōkua ai i ka chemotherapy a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻano maʻi maʻi maʻi o nā moku like ʻole.

1. Hiki ke ola a hiki i ʻelua haneli mau makahiki

Hiki ke ola i kekahi mau ʻano sponges a hiki i ʻelua haneli mau makahiki.. Noho maʻamau kēlā poʻe centenarians ma ke kai hohonu o ke kai. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui e hoʻopōkole ai i ko lākou ola, ʻo ia nā iʻa i ʻai iā lākou. Hāʻawi kēia mau mammals iā lākou ʻaʻole no ka saturation, akā no kekahi ʻano pale.

Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ia mea pohihihi e like me ka ʻōhuʻu e ka maʻalahi o ko lākou kino. Inā ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana paʻakikī, a laila ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke haki. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he nui nā sponges e hiki ai, a hiki i kekahi manawa ke ola i ka luku nui ʻana o nā ʻano.