No ke aha e kiola ai nā pōpoki i nā mea ma ka papahele

Makemake nā holoholona i ka pāʻani pāʻani, akā no ke aha e kiola ai nā pōpoki i nā mea mai ka papaʻaina? Makemake wale lākou e pāʻani pāʻani, makemake e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mea nona, a aʻo paha i nā kānāwai o ka physics a me ka gravity?

Wahi a kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi mai Iapana, hiki ke koho hope loa.

nā pōpoki hale hana

Ma 2016, ua paʻi ka puke pai Animal Cognition i kahi noiʻi e Saho Takagi a me kāna mau hoa kākau. Ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe ʻepekema i kahi hoʻāʻo e ʻike inā hiki i nā pōpoki ke ʻike i ke alo a wānana i ke ʻano o kahi mea ʻike ʻole mai ka walaʻau mai kahi pahu pani. Makemake lākou e ʻike inā hiki i nā pōpoki ke hoʻohui i ke kani ma ke ʻano he kumu a me ke ʻano o kahi mea ma ke ʻano he hopena.

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua he 30 mau pōpoki, he 22 o ia mau mea i noho i loko o nā hale ʻaina pōpoki, kaulana loa ma Iapana. Ua koho ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma waho aʻe o kekahi mau pōpoki hale no ka mea he maʻalahi lākou i ka launa pū a me ka ʻoluʻolu me nā malihini.

No kā lākou hoʻokolohua, hana ʻo Takagi a me kāna mau hoa hana i kahi pahu opaque me kahi electromagnet i waenakonu. Hoʻokomo lākou i ʻekolu pōpō hao i loko o kahi pahu, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻololi hoʻololi waho, hoʻāla a hoʻopau i kahi electromagnet e huki a hoʻokuʻu i nā pōpō i loko o ka pahu.

Me kēia ipu, ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i ʻehā mau hoʻokolohua e pili ana i nā pōpoki:

1. Halulu nā pōlele hao a hāʻule i waho o ka pahu.
2. ʻAʻole kani nā pōpō a ʻaʻole hāʻule i waho.
3. Ua halulu nā kinipōpō a ʻaʻole i hāʻule i waho.
4. ʻAʻole kani nā pōleʻa a hāʻule i waho.

ʻO nā kūlana mua ʻelua i manaʻo ʻia he kūlana "maʻamau", a ʻo ka lua ʻelua i manaʻo ʻia he anomalies. Ua kapa ʻia nā mea noiʻi i nā kūlana hope ʻelua "ka hana hewa ʻole" no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ke kumu i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia.

“Meowtonian” physics

Ua ʻike ʻo Takagi a me kāna mau hoa hana nui ka nānā ʻana o nā pōpoki a nānā i ka pahu i ka wā:

• Ua lohe lakou i ka leo, aole nae i ikeia na mea; 
• ʻaʻohe kani, akā ua ʻike ʻia nā mea (anomalies).

Wahi a nā mea kākau, hōʻike kēia i ka ʻike kumu o ka gravity i nā pōpoki.

E like me ka Washington Post i hoʻomaopopo ai, ʻaʻole i kāpae ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka hoʻokolohua o Takagi a me kāna hui. Ua haʻi aku kekahi mea noiʻi, ʻo John Bradshaw o ke Kulanui o Bristol, i ka The Post, ma kēia hoʻokolohua, hiki i nā pōpoki ke "hoʻolohe wale i nā leo o ka ʻōhumu a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pōpō." Manaʻo ʻo Bradshaw he mau manaʻolana kā mākou mau hoa huluhulu e pili ana i ka mea a lākou e ʻike ai a lohe ai, akā makemake ʻo ia i nā hōʻoia hou aʻe e maopopo ai i nā pōpoki e hoʻomaopopo i ka physics.

Mur-mur i ka oni mau

ʻAʻole hilinaʻi nā hōʻike mai ka hoʻokolohua Iapana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana o nā pōpoki i nā mea like ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ia i kahi ʻike i ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pōpoki. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike nā pōpoki i ka umekaumaha. Malia paha ua hoʻomaopopo ka holoholona ʻehā ʻehā e hāʻule ana ka penikala āna e kiola ai mai ka papaʻaina i ka papahele, ʻaʻole e kau i ka lewa. Akā he nui nā hana e hana ʻia e hōʻoia i kēia.

Akā ua ʻike maopopo ʻia e hele nui nā pussies e ʻike ʻia. I kekahi manawa, hoʻolei ka pōpoki i nā mea i mea e ʻike ai ke kanaka. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke kikeke ʻo ia i ke kīʻaha kofe punahele a ka mea nona, e hoʻopau koke ʻia ʻo ia mai ka kamepiula. 

Akā, hoʻomaopopo paha lākou i ke kānāwai ʻekolu o Newton, e ʻōlelo ana i ka hana ʻana he ʻano like a kūʻē? A i ʻole, kikeke paha ka pōpoki i nā mea mai ka papaʻaina no kona makemake e nānā iā lākou e hāʻule?

He mau holoholona akamai loa nā holoholona ʻehā wāwae, a ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo ua maopopo lākou i ka physics. Akā a hiki i ka hana hou ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana a loaʻa nā hōʻike paʻa, pono e waiho i kahi aniani wai mai ka laina o ka pōpoki. I ʻole e hoʻohenehene i ka pipi kolohe.