Nā ʻano mea kanu Aquarium
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu aquatic a mākou i maʻa ai i ka hana ʻana i loko o kahi aquarium he "waiwai lua", ʻo ia hoʻi, i ke kaʻina o ka evolution ua hoʻi lākou i ka wai mai ka lewa. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻano like nā ʻano o nā mea kanu Aquarium me nā mammal aquatic (nā koholā a me nā sila): inā ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā algae (e like me ka iʻa) i ka wai, a laila hoʻi nā mea kanu wai kiʻekiʻe (e like me nā cetaceans) i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka "moe o ke ola." ”, i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano “evolutionary excursion” » ma waho o ia mea. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā mea kanu wai kiʻekiʻe i ke kaiapuni wai i hana ʻia i kēia manawa, mai ka ʻike o ka paleontology, ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāina a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea hoʻokaʻawale biogeographic hou.
Hōʻike kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona he nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana (e kūʻē i ka homologous) e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻano like like ʻole o waho, no nā ʻohana ʻokoʻa loa a me nā kauoha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ka kabomba maikaʻi ʻole (por. Lily-flowered) a me ambulia (por. Lavender), a i ʻole saggitaria, hoʻokahi ʻano o ia mea e like me Vallisneria, a ʻo kekahi i ka dwarf Echinodorus tennelus, a ʻo kēia mau mea kanu āpau. ʻohana ʻokoʻa.
ʻO kēia mau mea a pau he mea ʻole ia mai ka manaʻo o nā aquarists pono a me nā mea hoʻonaninani e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu wai e like me kā lākou botanical taxonomy. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi waihona lumi, ʻaʻole pono e ʻike pono ka aquarist i ka mea i mua ona - he dwarf saggitaria a i ʻole echinodorus palupalu, monosolenium liverwort a lomariopsis fern, Ludwigia "Cuba" a i ʻole Eusteralis, inā nānā kēia mau mea kanu i ka. like, ulu like a koi i ka ʻike o nā kūlana like. ʻO kēia mau noʻonoʻo i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka poʻe aquarists he mea maʻamau (me nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa) ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i ke kūlana systematic o nā mea kanu, akā e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i nā pūʻulu e like me ko lākou helehelena, nā ʻano ulu, a me ka niche ecological i noho ʻia i loko. ka biotope. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā ʻokoʻa i kēia lula: no ka laʻana,
ʻO ka pōʻai o nā ʻatikala e pili ana i nā mea kanu aquarium, a mākou i hoʻomaka ai e kamaʻilio iā ʻoe i hoʻokahi makahiki i hala aku nei a e hoʻomau ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua kūkulu nui ʻia e like me kēia hoʻohālikelike, kuʻuna no ka aquarism pono. Wahi a ia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kanu aquatic i nā pūʻulu aʻe:
Ka papa inoa o nā ʻano mea kanu Aquarium a pau
1. Nā mea kanu uhi honua o ka mua
Aia i loko o kēia pūʻulu nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ulu ana ma ka ʻili o ka lepo, a me ka meaʻai kūpono a me ka mālamalama, ʻaʻole makemake e "lele i waho" i ka ʻili o ka wai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu o kēia pūʻulu he wai holoʻokoʻa, e ulu ana i loko o kahi moku piha piha no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻo kekahi o lākou ʻaʻohe ʻano emer (ea). Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hana lākou i nā moena nani a me nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, e uhi pono ana i ka ʻili o ka ʻāina i ka mua o ka aquarium, ʻaʻole i noho ʻia e nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
2. ʻO Rosette a me nā mea kanu pōkole-rhizome o ka papa waena
ʻO kēia ka hui maʻamau a kaulana o nā mea kanu wai. Kokoke i nā cryptocorynes a pau, echinodorus, nymphs, most anubias, aponogetons, krinums, a number of bucephalandras, etc. ʻO nā mea kanu me nā rosettes nui-lau nui e nānā maikaʻi i ka ʻāpana waena o ka aquarium, e huki ana i ka nānā a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā a puni lākou. ʻO nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ma ke ʻano he lula, hoʻohua maikaʻi ʻia e nā wana basal, stolons a i ʻole rhizome buds, a laila hoʻokumu i nā pūʻulu hoihoi i ka hoʻolālā waena o ka aquarium.
Ma kahi kaʻawale, i ka hui o nā mea kanu rosette, pono e hoʻokaʻawale kekahi i ka nymphaeal, egg-pod a me nā mea kanu like, i ka wā ʻōpiopio e hana i kahi rosette nani o nā lau ākea ākea i lalo o ka wai, akā naʻe, i ka manawa liʻiliʻi, hoʻokuʻu koke lākou i nā lau lana ma luna. nā petioles lōʻihi, e uhi ana i ka aquarium, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua a i ka wā o ka pua. ʻO kekahi o lākou, e like me kā lākou "ʻano", hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka hui 8 - "Semi-aquatic a me nā mea kanu kahakai", no ka laʻana, lotuses, ka mea, ma hope o ka lana ʻana, hoʻokuʻu i ka ea, nā lau emersed, a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka. mohala.
3. Nā mea kanu rosette lōʻihi o ke kua
He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā ʻano o kēia pūʻulu, akā pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma muli o nā ʻano o ka biology. ʻO kēia nā mea kanu rosette me nā lau lōʻihi loa e like me ka lipine a hiki koke i ka ʻili o ka wai. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia e nā mea kolo-stolons, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā mea kanu hou, hiki i kēia mau ʻano i ka manawa pōkole ke hana i kahi pā nani nani i ke kua o ka aquarium, a me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiha i ka hapalua o ka leo. . ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia nā ʻano vallisneria (maʻamau, spiral, twist-leaved, giant, etc.), nā ʻano lau lōʻihi o ka saggitaria, kekahi ʻano cryptocorynes a me aponogetons.
4. Nā mea kanu hope lōʻihi
ʻO kēia paha ka hui ākea a ākea o nā mea kanu wai i mahi ʻia i loko o nā aquarium. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou e ko lākou hiʻohiʻona - nā ʻōpala kū pololei i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻili, kahi e waiho ʻia ai nā lau. Hiki i ke ʻano o kēia mau lau ke ʻano like ʻole - mai ka pinnate palupalu, e like me ka ambulia a me ka cabomb, a hiki i ka "burdocks" ākea, e like me ka hygrophila "nomafila", mai ka poepoe, e like me ka bacopa, i ka lahilahi a me ka lipine, e like me ka pogestemon. "heʻe", mai ka ʻoʻoleʻa a ʻaneʻane ʻinoʻino a palupalu a translucent. ʻOkoʻa loa ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā lau o ke kumu lōʻihi - mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka maroon. He mea kupanaha paha ʻo ia ka nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu lōʻihi ke kumu o ka mea kahiko a hiki i kēia manawa ke ʻano hoʻolālā kaulana loa no nā aquarium kanu - ʻo "Dutch".
5. Hoʻopili ʻia a i ʻole nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani ʻāina
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o kēia pūʻulu o nā mea kanu, he mea pono loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, ʻo ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopili wikiwiki a paʻa me ke kōkua o nā aʻa a i ʻole rhizoids i kahi substrate hoʻomaha paʻakikī - snags, stones, decorative ceramics - a nani hoʻi. ia ma ka ili. Ma waho aʻe o nā mosses aquarium, kokoke i nā mea āpau i kēia waiwai, nā ʻano ʻano nui o anubias, ka Thai fern, kokoke i nā ʻano āpau o Bucephalandra, etc. ulu maikaʻi i nā snags a me nā pōhaku. He mea maʻamau ia mau mea kanu i nā aquarists hou, a ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i kaulana loa lākou.
6. Nā mea kanu e lana ana i ke kolamu wai
Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe aʻa a aia mau i kahi kūlana lana manuahi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā hornworts maʻamau i ka moʻomeheu, ʻo Guadalupe nyas (a i ʻole nyas microdon), kekahi mau ʻano pemphigus a me nā liverworts, a me nā duckweed ʻekolu-lobed. ʻO ka maʻamau ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu manuahi a me ka hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ʻino a no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o lākou (no ka laʻana, hornwort a me nyas) i mea kanu hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi aquarium hou, a me nā mea kanu "ho'ōla". no ka puka ʻana o nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. : me ko lakou ulu wikiwiki a me ka hanai ikaika, ua hiki ia lakou ke paio me na algae omaomao no na mea ai i hooheheeia i ka wai.
7. Nā mea kanu e lana ana ma ka ʻili o ka wai
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia hui nui i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā mea kanu me nā lau hydrophilic e lana ana ma lalo o ka ʻili (limnobiums, duckweeds, riccia, kekahi pemphigus, etc.) .). He kūlana koʻikoʻi kēia māhele: no ka laʻana, hiki i ke ʻano lana o ka ceratopteris fern ke hana i nā lau hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic, ʻoiai ʻo Riccia a me pemphigus, e lana mau ana ma lalo o ka ʻili, e ulu a piʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o ka wai i ka lewa. I ka aquarism, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu lana, ʻo ka mea mua, no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāpana o kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka haku ʻana i ka aquarium (no ka laʻana, ma luna o anubias ʻaʻole makemake i ka mālamalama ikaika), a ʻo ka lua, he substrate no ka spawning o nā ʻano iʻa he nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā pūpū aʻa e kau ana i loko o ka wai, no ka laʻana.
8. Nā mea kanu semi-aquatic kahakai
ʻO ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i ulu maʻamau i loko o kahi aquarium i kēia hui. He liʻiliʻi o lākou he mau mea kanu wai piha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele "ma ka ʻāina" (piʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o ka wai) a ʻaʻohe ʻano emer (ea) (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai submers, underwater). ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu wai lua i kahi ola i lalo o ka wai, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahe ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kau. Aia ma lalo o ka wai kekahi mau biotopes kahakai o nā kino wai hou no kekahi mau pule (a i ʻole no kekahi mau mahina), a maloʻo no ke koena o ka manawa. Ua hoʻomohala nā mea kanu kahakai (e like me anubias, cryptocorynes, echinodorus, etc.) i nā hoʻololi kūikawā e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ke ola a ulu me he mea lā ma lalo o ka wai,
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o kēia pūʻulu (inā ʻaʻole pono e komo i ka hapalua maikaʻi o ka hui holoʻokoʻa ma aneʻi), akā ʻo nā mea kanu wale nō e ola maikaʻi ana i kahi ʻano semi-flooded ("nā wāwae i ka wai, poʻo ma luna. ʻāina") akā ʻaʻole hiki ke noho lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wai. Ma ke ala, 100-150 mau makahiki i hala, i ka wanaʻao o ka aquarism, aia ka hapa nui o ia mau mea kanu i ka moʻomeheu. Ua lawa ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi pena kahiko a me nā kaha kiʻi me nā aquarium e ʻike ai ua hoʻonani nui ʻia lākou me nā ʻōpala maʻamau e like me Cyperus papyrus, Chastuha plantain, calla, arrowhead, nā ʻano sedges, ʻohe, cattails, telorez, tradescantia, calamus (acorus) a ʻo ka laiki hihiu. I kēia mau lā, ʻano kakaikahi kēia mau mea kanu i ka moʻomeheu aquarium, a ua ulu nui ʻia e nā mea aloha aquapaludarium.
9. Aquarium mosses a me ka liverworts
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mosses aquatic ma ke ʻano he pūʻulu ʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu aquarium ma muli o ke ʻano o kā lākou biology. Aneane o lakou a pau, me ke kōkua o rhizoids, pili i ka substrate (pohaku, snags, lepo, kekahi me ke aniani!) Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau mosses (fontinalis group) i ka pōhaku ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa wale nō o ke kumu (thallus), ʻoiai aia ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa i ke kolamu wai. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mosses e kolo ana ma ka substrate, e hoʻohuli iā ia. ʻO ka hui like me nā liverworts (monosolenium, riccardia, nā ʻano o lalo o riccia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me Lomariopsis fern, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai nā liverworts. ʻAʻole like nā mosses, ʻaʻohe rhizoids, a i ʻole nā rhizoids nāwaliwali loa i paʻa ʻole i ka substrate, akā ua uku ʻia kēia hemahema e ka gravity koʻikoʻi o ka monosolenium thallus, lomariopsis, etc., no laila me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana. hana lākou i kahi cushion maikaʻi ma lalo. ʻO ia mau pale ke nānā aku i ka nani i ka wā e ulu ai nā mea kanu i loko o lākou - saggitaria a me cryptocorynes.
10. ʻAʻole i komo nā mea kanu i kekahi o nā hui
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea kanu āpau e ulu ana i kā mākou aquarium i kēia hoʻohālikelike. ʻOi aku ka waiwai a ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano ma mua o ko mākou manaʻo, a ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka moʻomeheu aia nā ʻano ʻano i kūpono ʻole i kekahi o nā hui.
Nā ʻano mea kanu Aquarium – Video
