ʻO 10 nā pepeke liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua

I kēia manawa, aia ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻano pepeke like ʻole ma kā mākou honua. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou, a ua aʻo ʻia kekahi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ke kanaka i ka pōmaikaʻi a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ka hapa nui o lākou, he kuleana nui kēlā me kēia ʻano i loko o ka kaiaola o ka Honua, ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi loa. He mea ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia!

Paʻa “insects” Ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema wale nō i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 18, a laila hoʻomaka nā haʻawina honua o kēia ʻano ʻano mea ola.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i nā mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi o ka honua, he aha lākou.

10 Mymaridae Haliday, 4 мм

Aia kēia ʻano i ka ʻohana o nā nalo parasitic. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hoʻomake i nā ʻiniko wai, e hahai ana iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai, akā ʻo ka hapa nui he mau pipi a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ia ma ʻEulopa, 5 mau ʻano i loaʻa.

Mymaridae Haliday pono i loko o ke ʻano e hoʻomalu i nā hana a nā pests. No ka laʻana, mālama kekahi ʻano i ka weevil, ʻo ia ka pest nui i nā lāʻau eucalyptus ma ʻEulopa, New Zealand, nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika, a me ʻEulopa hema.

Aia i loko o ka ʻohana Mymaridae ma kahi o 100 genera i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa a ma kahi o 1400 mau ʻano. Aia i loko o kēia ʻohana nā ʻinikena liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ciliates.

9. ʻO Gonatocerus, 2,6 мм

No ka ʻohana Mymaridae i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. Aia ia i nā iniseti parasitic, a ʻoi aku paha, i ka ʻano o nā mea holo chalcidoid.

ʻAʻole laha nui kēia ʻano. Loaʻa i nā ʻepekema ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano i ka Palearctic, ma kahi o 80 ma Australia a ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano i ka Neotropics.

Hoʻolako ʻia nā ʻōpala me nā antennae, e hōʻike ana i ke kāne: 12-segmented (8-segmented flagellum) i nā wahine a me 13-segmented (11-segmented flagellum) i nā kāne. Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā wāwae a me nā ʻēheu 4, kahi i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hope ma mua o ka mua. ʻO ka pinepine ʻO Gonatocerus hoʻopaʻa i nā hua o ka lau a me ka humpbacks.

8. Micronecta scholtzi, 2mm

No ka ʻohana hoe waʻa kēia ʻano ʻōpala wai. Noho ka arthropod ma ʻEulopa wale nō. Hoʻokani leo nui ka inike (no kona papa a me kona nui).

Ua ana nā kānaka noiʻi olaola mai Farani a me Switzerland i ka leo kani Micronecta scholtzi, i hōʻike i nā hopena a hiki i 99,2 dB. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau helu me ka nui o ke kaʻaahi ukana e hele ana.

ʻO ke kāne wale nō ka mea hiki ke hana hou i kēlā leo e huki ai i ka wahine. Hana ʻo ia i kēia ma ka holo ʻana i kāna penis (e like me ka nui o ka lauoho kanaka) ma kona ʻōpū.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hiki i ka pahu wai ke hoʻopuka i kēlā mau kani, no ka mea, ʻaneʻane (99%) nalowale ka leo ke hoʻololi ke ʻano mai ka wai a i ka ea.

Noho pinepine lākou i loko o nā loko a i ʻole nā ​​loko i loaʻa ka wai paʻa. Loaʻa lākou i ka wai kahe, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi pinepine.

7. Nā haʻu Nanosella, 0,39 mm

No ka ʻohana o nā ʻēheu ʻēheu kēia ʻano pepeke, he ʻano neotropical. A hiki i ka 2015, ua manaʻo nā ʻepekema i kēlā Nā haʻu Nanosella ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā iniseti pipi, akā ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hōʻole ʻia kēia ʻike e ka poʻe entomologists.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kuhi hewa ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hopena o ke ana. I kēia manawa, ʻo Scydosella musawasensis ka mea inike pipi liʻiliʻi loa.

Wahi a nā mea olaola, ua māhele ʻia ka arthropod ma nā ululāʻau o ka ʻāina hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka pinepine hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā spores o polypore fungi.

6. Scydosella musawawasensis, 0,337 kāne

ʻO ia ka ʻiʻo pipi liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ia wale nō ka pipi o ka monotropic genus Scydosella. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma nā ʻāpana waena a me ka hema o ʻAmelika (Nicaragua, Colombia).

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino he elongated liʻiliʻi, e like me ka oval. He kino melemele-ʻeleʻele ko nā ʻiniko. ʻO Scydosella musawasensis i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ola manuahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa ka parasite.

Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano i ka makahiki 1999 wale nō, i ka wā i loaʻa ai kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ma Nicaragua. Aia ka noho ʻana o nā pepeke i loko o ka papa tubular i loko o nā fungi polypore.

5. Tinkerbella nana, 0,25 mm

No ka ʻohana Mymaridae kēia ʻano (hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana iā ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe iki). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēlā me kēia kanaka he 0,25 mm (i nā kāne he 210-230 mm, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine - mai 225 a 250 mm).

Tinkerbella nana ʻeleʻele māmā ke kino. I nā wahine, ʻo ka flagellum o nā antennae he 5 mau ʻāpana, aʻo nā kāne he 10-segmented, a ʻo ka hui hoʻokahi-segmented. He mau maka paʻakikī ko kēlā me kēia kanaka (me 50 ommatidia).

Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano i ka makahiki 2013 e nā ʻepekema mai Kanada a me ʻAmelika. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa e pili ana i nā hoʻohālikelike hoihoi. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka ʻano nana, no ka hanohano o ka ʻīlio a Peter Pan (a me ka ʻōlelo Helene "dwarf"). A ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa o ka genus e ka inoa o ka fairy Tinker Bell mai kahi puke like.

4. Megaphragma mymaripenne, 0,2 мм

No nā ʻano o nā mea holo chalcidoid ka ʻiniko. Aneane aohe chromosomes i loko o kona lolo, a he 5 mau la wale no kona ola ana. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka arthropod: ʻo ʻEulopa (Sepania, Pokukala, a pēlā aku), a me Australia, a me ka Pae ʻĀina Hawaiʻi, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe he nui.

Size Megaphragma mymaripenne ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka kāmaʻa ciliate. Loaʻa i nā inike kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loaʻa i nā neurons 7400, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻano nui. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau mea lele lele no kā lākou mau neurons liʻiliʻi.

Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano i ka wā ma mua - i ka makahiki 1924, e like me ka ʻikepili i loaʻa mai ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi.

3. Megaphragma caribea, 0,171 mm

No ka ʻano o ka chalcidoid riders kēia insect. Hāʻawi ʻia ma Guadeloupe (ma ke Kai Caribbean hikina), no laila ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he caribea.

Ma ka awelika, loaʻa i nā kānaka nā ana ma kahi o 0,1 - 0,1778 mm - he 170 microns kēia. No ka ʻohana o nā nalo trichogrammatid. Karipiana Megaphragma ua wehewehe mua ʻia i loko o ka puke moʻolelo i ka makahiki 1993. A hiki i ka makahiki 1997, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia pepeke ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua.

2. Dicopomorpha echmepterygis, 0,139 мм

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā iniseti o ka honua mai ka ʻohana chalcidoid ichneumon parasites. ʻO Dicopomorpha echmepterygis ua ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ma Costa Rica) i ka makahiki 1997, e lawe ana i ke poʻo inoa o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua mai ka ʻano Megaphragma caribea.

ʻO nā kāne kāne i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma mua o 0,139 mm ka nui, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ciliate kāmaʻa.

Antennae e like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā wahine o kēia ʻano o nā iniseti he 40% ka nui ma mua o nā kāne, a he mau ʻēheu a me nā maka. ʻO ko lākou wahi noho nā hua o nā mea ʻai mauʻu, kahi e hoʻopili pinepine ai nā iniseti.

1. Alaptus magnanimus Annandale, 0,12 mm

ʻO ke kāne lokomaikaʻi a Annandale no ka ʻohana Mymaridae. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa o ka honua, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kanaka makua ma mua o 0,12 mm, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi kāmaʻa ciliate hoʻokahi.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Alaptus magnanimus Annandale i ka wā ma mua - i ka makahiki 1909 ma India. ʻAʻole hiki i ka maka kanaka ke ʻike i kēia mea liʻiliʻi me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻonui kūikawā.