muliwai Tonina

ʻO Tonina River, inoa ʻepekema ʻo Tonina fluviatilis. I ke kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka mea kanu ma nā ʻāpana waena a me ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua ulu i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu i loko o nā kahawai a me nā muliwai ma nā wahi me ka mālie kahe, waiwai i nā tannins (ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka wai he malu kī momona).

Ua lawe mua ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea kanu aquarium e kahi hui o nā mea noiʻi Kepani, me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua kuhi hewa ʻia nā mea kanu ʻo Tonina, akā ma waho o Tonina fluviatilis, no nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ke koena.

Ua ʻike koke ʻia ka hewa, i ka makahiki 2010 wale nō. i ka manawa like, loaʻa nā mea kanu i nā inoa ʻepekema hou. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohana paʻa nā inoa kahiko, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā Tonina Manaus (ʻo Syngonanthus inundatus maoli) a me Tonina belem (ʻo Syngonanthus macrocaulon maoli) ma ke kūʻai aku.

I nā kūlana maikaʻi, hana ia i kahi ʻōpala ikaika, kanu nui ʻia me nā lau pōkole (1-1.5 cm) me ka ʻole o nā petioles. Loaʻa i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi i nā pana ʻaoʻao.

I loko o kahi aquarium, hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana ma ke ʻoki ʻana. No kēia kumu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole ke kumu nui. Manaʻo ʻia e ʻoki i ka piko o ka pana a hiki i 5 cm ka lōʻihi, no ka mea ma nā ʻokiʻoki lōʻihi e hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana kumu e hoʻomohala pololei ma luna o ke kumu a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe mai kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lepo. ʻO kahi ʻōpuʻu me nā aʻa "airy" ke nānā aku i ka ʻoluʻolu aesthetically.

Ke koi nei ke kahawai ʻo Tonina i nā kūlana a ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia no nā aquarists hoʻomaka. No ka ulu maikaʻi, pono e hāʻawi i ka wai waikawa me ka paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 dGH. Pono ka substrate i ka waikawa a loaʻa i kahi hāʻawi kaulike o nā meaʻai. Pono i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomālamalama a me ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana o ka carbon dioxide (ma kahi o 20-30 mg / l).

He haʻahaʻa ka ulu ʻana. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano ulu wikiwiki kokoke i hiki ke hūnā i ka muliwai Tonina i ka wā e hiki mai ana.