ʻO ka puka ʻana o nā puaʻa ma ʻEulopa
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika e Christopher Columbus i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka puaʻa guinea me ka Honua Kahiko. Ua hele mai keia mau iole i Europa, a ua laweia mai maluna o na moku e ko Sepania na'i aupuni 4 keneturia aku nei mai Peru mai.
No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia ka puaʻa guinea i ka ʻepekema ma nā palapala a Aldrovandus a me Gesner o kona wā i noho ai i ke kenekulia 30. Wahi a kā lākou noiʻi, ʻike ʻia ua lawe ʻia ka puaʻa guinea i ʻEulopa ma kahi o 1580 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o Pizarro ma luna o nā India, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o XNUMX
Kapa ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ma nā ʻāina like ʻole.
Ma ʻEnelani – puaʻa liʻiliʻi India - he puaʻa ʻĪnia liʻiliʻi, pahu hoʻomaha ʻole - puaʻa hoʻomaha (mobile), puaʻa Guinea - puaʻa Guinea, puaʻa home - puaʻa home.
Kapa ka poʻe India i ka puaʻa he inoa i lohe ʻia e ka poʻe ʻEulopa he "cavy". Ua kapa ka poe Sepania e noho ana ma Amerika i keia holoholona i ka inoa Paniolo o ka rabiti, oiai ua hoomau ka poe kolone i ke kapa ia ia he puaa liilii, ua lawe ia keia inoa i Europa me ka holoholona. Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ʻAmelika, ua lilo ka puaʻa i meaʻai na nā kamaʻāina. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e nā poʻe kākau moʻolelo Sepania a pau o ia manawa he rabbit liʻiliʻi.
He mea kupanaha paha ke kapa ʻia ʻana o kēia holoholona ʻāhiu he puaʻa puaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia no ka puaʻa puaʻa a ʻaʻole ia he puaʻa maoli. ʻO kēia, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o nā mumps. I ke komo ʻana o ko Sepania i Peru, ʻike lākou i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi e kūʻai ʻia! like loa me ka puaa omo waiu.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kapa ʻia nā mea kākau kahiko ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo porco da India, porcella da India, ka puaʻa India.
Me he mea lā no ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ka inoa guinea pig, a ʻōlelo mai ʻo M. Cumberland, ma ke ʻano like ʻole, no ka mea, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilina kalepa o ko Pelekania me nā kahakai o Guinea ma mua o ʻAmelika Hema, a no laila ua maʻa lākou i ka nānā. ma Guinea ma ke ano he hapa o Inia. ʻO ke ʻano o ka puaʻa me ka puaʻa ʻohana ma ke ʻano o ka kuke ʻana o nā kamaʻāina iā ia i mea ʻai: hoʻoinu lākou iā ia me ka wai paila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka hulu hipa, e like me ka hana ʻana e wehe i nā hulu o ka puaʻa.
I Farani, kapa ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ʻo cochon dʻInde – puaʻa India – a i ʻole cobaye, ma Sepania ʻo Cochinillo das India - puaʻa India, ma Italia - porcella da India, a i ʻole porchita da India - puaʻa India, ma Pokukala - Porguinho da ʻO India - nā mumps India, ma Belgium - cochon des montagnes - puaʻa mauna, ma Holland - Indiaamsoh varken - puaʻa India, ma Kelemānia - Meerschweinchen - puaʻa guinea.
No laila, uaʻaeʻia ka manaʻo ua laha ka puaʻa puaʻa maʻEulopa mai ke komohana a hiki i ka hikina, aʻo ka inoa e noho nei ma Rusia - puaʻa puaʻa, e hōʻike ana paha i ka laweʻiaʻana o nā puaʻa "mai ke kai", ma nā moku; laha mai kekahi hapa o ka mumps mai Geremania mai, a oia ke kumu i lilo mai ai ka inoa Geremania guinea pig ia kakou, a ma na aina e a pau, ua kapaia ka puaa Inia. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia ma ʻāina ʻē, a laila kai.
ʻAʻohe pili o ka guinea me ke kai a me ka puaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo "mumps", ma muli paha o ke ʻano o ke poʻo o nā holoholona. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia he puaʻa. ʻO kēia mau holoholona keʻano he kino lōʻihi, he kapa'ahuʻula, he'ā'ī pōkole, a he mau wāwae pōkole; ʻEhā ko ka ʻaoʻao mua, a ʻekolu manamana lima o nā lālā hope, ua paʻa me nā māʻuʻuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuau. He huelo ole ka puaa. Hoʻomaopopo pū kēia i ka inoa o ka holoholona. Ma ke ʻano mālie, ua like ka leo o ka puaʻa me ke kani ʻana o ka wai, akā i ke ʻano o ka makaʻu, ua lilo ia i ʻuā. No laila, ua like loa ka leo i hana ʻia e kēia ʻiole me ka ʻuhū ʻana o ka puaʻa, a ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo "puaʻa". Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ʻEulopa, a me kona ʻāina hānau, ua lawelawe mua ka puaʻa guinea i meaʻai. Malia paha, pili ke kumu o ka inoa Pelekane no nā puaʻa me kēia mau hanana - guinea pig - he puaʻa no kahi guinea (guinea - a hiki i ka makahiki 1816, ʻo ke kālā gula Pelekane nui, loaʻa kona inoa mai ka ʻāina (Guinea), kahi e pono ai ke gula. no ka mea, ua ʻeli ʻia kāna mining).
No ka ʻohana rodents ka puaʻa guinea, ka ʻohana puaʻa. He ʻelua aʻa wahaheʻe ka holoholona, ʻeono mau mola a ʻelua ʻoki ma kēlā me kēia iwi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā rodents a pau, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou incisors i ko lākou ola ʻana.
Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā rodents me ka enamel - ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa - aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho, no laila ua holoi ʻia ke kua o ka incisor me ka wikiwiki a ma muli o kēia, mālama mau ʻia kahi ʻoki ʻoki i waho.
Hoʻohana nā incisors i nā ʻōpala like ʻole (nā kumu mea kanu, nā aʻa, nā mauʻu, a pēlā aku).
Ma ka home, ʻAmelika Hema, noho kēia mau holoholona i nā kolo liʻiliʻi ma nā pāpū i ulu nui ʻia me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻEli lākou i nā lua a hoʻonohonoho i nā hale noho ma ke ʻano o nā kūlanakauhale lalo o lalo. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka puaʻa nā mea e pale ai i nā ʻenemi a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e make ai. Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana i kahi pūʻulu o kēia mau holoholona. He maalea loa ko lakou lohe, he kupanaha wale ko lakou manao, a o ka mea nui, huli lakou i ka hoomaha a me ke kiai. Ma ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, peʻe koke nā puaʻa i loko o nā minks, kahi hiki ʻole i kahi holoholona nui ke kolo. ʻO kahi pale hou no ka rodent ʻo ia ka maʻemaʻe kakaʻikahi. ʻO ka puaʻa i nā manawa he nui i ka lā "holoi", lei a palu i ka hulu nona iho a me kāna mau pēpē. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kahi predator ka puaʻa ma ke ʻala, ʻo ka pinepine o kona kapa hulu e hoʻopuka wale i kahi ʻala o ka mauʻu.
Nui nā ʻano cavia hihiu. ʻO nā mea āpau i waho e like me ka home, huelo ʻole, akā ʻo ke kala o ka hulu he hoʻokahi kala, ʻoi aku ka hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻOiai ʻelua uʻi wale nō ka wahine, he 3-4 mau keiki i loko o ka pā hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 2 mahina. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia nā keiki, ʻike ʻia, ulu wikiwiki a ma hope o 2-3 mau mahina ua hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā hua. Ma ke ʻano, aia maʻamau 2 litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke pio.
ʻO ka maʻamau o ke kaumaha o ka puaʻa makua ma kahi o 1 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 25 cm. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i 2 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke ola o ka rodent - 8-10 mau makahiki.
Ma ke ʻano he holoholona hoʻokolohua, he mea nui ka puaʻa guinea ma muli o kona ʻike kiʻekiʻe i nā pathogens o nā maʻi infectious he nui i ke kanaka a me nā holoholona mahiʻai. Ua hoʻoholo kēia mana o nā puaʻa guinea i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi lele he nui o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona (e laʻa, diphtheria, typhus, tuberculosis, glanders, etc.).
Ma nā hana a nā poʻe bacteriologists a me nā haole virologists II Mechnikov, NF Gamaleya, R. Koch, P. Roux a me nā mea'ē aʻe, ua noho mau ka puaʻa puaʻa a noho i kahi o nā wahi mua ma waena o nā holoholona laboratory.
No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka puaʻa guinea ma ke ʻano he holoholona keʻena no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, virology, pathology, physiology, etc.
I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ma nā wahi āpau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai kanaka, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana o ka huaora C.
Aia ma waena o kona mau ʻohana ka lapeti kaulana, squirrel, beaver, a me ka capybara nui, ʻike ʻia mai ka zoo wale nō.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻAmelika e Christopher Columbus i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka puaʻa guinea me ka Honua Kahiko. Ua hele mai keia mau iole i Europa, a ua laweia mai maluna o na moku e ko Sepania na'i aupuni 4 keneturia aku nei mai Peru mai.
No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia ka puaʻa guinea i ka ʻepekema ma nā palapala a Aldrovandus a me Gesner o kona wā i noho ai i ke kenekulia 30. Wahi a kā lākou noiʻi, ʻike ʻia ua lawe ʻia ka puaʻa guinea i ʻEulopa ma kahi o 1580 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lanakila ʻana o Pizarro ma luna o nā India, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o XNUMX
Kapa ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ma nā ʻāina like ʻole.
Ma ʻEnelani – puaʻa liʻiliʻi India - he puaʻa ʻĪnia liʻiliʻi, pahu hoʻomaha ʻole - puaʻa hoʻomaha (mobile), puaʻa Guinea - puaʻa Guinea, puaʻa home - puaʻa home.
Kapa ka poʻe India i ka puaʻa he inoa i lohe ʻia e ka poʻe ʻEulopa he "cavy". Ua kapa ka poe Sepania e noho ana ma Amerika i keia holoholona i ka inoa Paniolo o ka rabiti, oiai ua hoomau ka poe kolone i ke kapa ia ia he puaa liilii, ua lawe ia keia inoa i Europa me ka holoholona. Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ʻAmelika, ua lilo ka puaʻa i meaʻai na nā kamaʻāina. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e nā poʻe kākau moʻolelo Sepania a pau o ia manawa he rabbit liʻiliʻi.
He mea kupanaha paha ke kapa ʻia ʻana o kēia holoholona ʻāhiu he puaʻa puaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia no ka puaʻa puaʻa a ʻaʻole ia he puaʻa maoli. ʻO kēia, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe ʻEulopa e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o nā mumps. I ke komo ʻana o ko Sepania i Peru, ʻike lākou i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi e kūʻai ʻia! like loa me ka puaa omo waiu.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kapa ʻia nā mea kākau kahiko ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo porco da India, porcella da India, ka puaʻa India.
Me he mea lā no ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ka inoa guinea pig, a ʻōlelo mai ʻo M. Cumberland, ma ke ʻano like ʻole, no ka mea, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilina kalepa o ko Pelekania me nā kahakai o Guinea ma mua o ʻAmelika Hema, a no laila ua maʻa lākou i ka nānā. ma Guinea ma ke ano he hapa o Inia. ʻO ke ʻano o ka puaʻa me ka puaʻa ʻohana ma ke ʻano o ka kuke ʻana o nā kamaʻāina iā ia i mea ʻai: hoʻoinu lākou iā ia me ka wai paila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka hulu hipa, e like me ka hana ʻana e wehe i nā hulu o ka puaʻa.
I Farani, kapa ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ʻo cochon dʻInde – puaʻa India – a i ʻole cobaye, ma Sepania ʻo Cochinillo das India - puaʻa India, ma Italia - porcella da India, a i ʻole porchita da India - puaʻa India, ma Pokukala - Porguinho da ʻO India - nā mumps India, ma Belgium - cochon des montagnes - puaʻa mauna, ma Holland - Indiaamsoh varken - puaʻa India, ma Kelemānia - Meerschweinchen - puaʻa guinea.
No laila, uaʻaeʻia ka manaʻo ua laha ka puaʻa puaʻa maʻEulopa mai ke komohana a hiki i ka hikina, aʻo ka inoa e noho nei ma Rusia - puaʻa puaʻa, e hōʻike ana paha i ka laweʻiaʻana o nā puaʻa "mai ke kai", ma nā moku; laha mai kekahi hapa o ka mumps mai Geremania mai, a oia ke kumu i lilo mai ai ka inoa Geremania guinea pig ia kakou, a ma na aina e a pau, ua kapaia ka puaa Inia. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia ma ʻāina ʻē, a laila kai.
ʻAʻohe pili o ka guinea me ke kai a me ka puaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa ʻo "mumps", ma muli paha o ke ʻano o ke poʻo o nā holoholona. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia he puaʻa. ʻO kēia mau holoholona keʻano he kino lōʻihi, he kapa'ahuʻula, he'ā'ī pōkole, a he mau wāwae pōkole; ʻEhā ko ka ʻaoʻao mua, a ʻekolu manamana lima o nā lālā hope, ua paʻa me nā māʻuʻuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuau. He huelo ole ka puaa. Hoʻomaopopo pū kēia i ka inoa o ka holoholona. Ma ke ʻano mālie, ua like ka leo o ka puaʻa me ke kani ʻana o ka wai, akā i ke ʻano o ka makaʻu, ua lilo ia i ʻuā. No laila, ua like loa ka leo i hana ʻia e kēia ʻiole me ka ʻuhū ʻana o ka puaʻa, a ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo "puaʻa". Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ʻEulopa, a me kona ʻāina hānau, ua lawelawe mua ka puaʻa guinea i meaʻai. Malia paha, pili ke kumu o ka inoa Pelekane no nā puaʻa me kēia mau hanana - guinea pig - he puaʻa no kahi guinea (guinea - a hiki i ka makahiki 1816, ʻo ke kālā gula Pelekane nui, loaʻa kona inoa mai ka ʻāina (Guinea), kahi e pono ai ke gula. no ka mea, ua ʻeli ʻia kāna mining).
No ka ʻohana rodents ka puaʻa guinea, ka ʻohana puaʻa. He ʻelua aʻa wahaheʻe ka holoholona, ʻeono mau mola a ʻelua ʻoki ma kēlā me kēia iwi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā rodents a pau, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou incisors i ko lākou ola ʻana.
Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā rodents me ka enamel - ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa - aia wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho, no laila ua holoi ʻia ke kua o ka incisor me ka wikiwiki a ma muli o kēia, mālama mau ʻia kahi ʻoki ʻoki i waho.
Hoʻohana nā incisors i nā ʻōpala like ʻole (nā kumu mea kanu, nā aʻa, nā mauʻu, a pēlā aku).
Ma ka home, ʻAmelika Hema, noho kēia mau holoholona i nā kolo liʻiliʻi ma nā pāpū i ulu nui ʻia me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻEli lākou i nā lua a hoʻonohonoho i nā hale noho ma ke ʻano o nā kūlanakauhale lalo o lalo. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka puaʻa nā mea e pale ai i nā ʻenemi a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e make ai. Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana i kahi pūʻulu o kēia mau holoholona. He maalea loa ko lakou lohe, he kupanaha wale ko lakou manao, a o ka mea nui, huli lakou i ka hoomaha a me ke kiai. Ma ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, peʻe koke nā puaʻa i loko o nā minks, kahi hiki ʻole i kahi holoholona nui ke kolo. ʻO kahi pale hou no ka rodent ʻo ia ka maʻemaʻe kakaʻikahi. ʻO ka puaʻa i nā manawa he nui i ka lā "holoi", lei a palu i ka hulu nona iho a me kāna mau pēpē. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kahi predator ka puaʻa ma ke ʻala, ʻo ka pinepine o kona kapa hulu e hoʻopuka wale i kahi ʻala o ka mauʻu.
Nui nā ʻano cavia hihiu. ʻO nā mea āpau i waho e like me ka home, huelo ʻole, akā ʻo ke kala o ka hulu he hoʻokahi kala, ʻoi aku ka hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻOiai ʻelua uʻi wale nō ka wahine, he 3-4 mau keiki i loko o ka pā hoʻokahi. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 2 mahina. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia nā keiki, ʻike ʻia, ulu wikiwiki a ma hope o 2-3 mau mahina ua hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā hua. Ma ke ʻano, aia maʻamau 2 litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke pio.
ʻO ka maʻamau o ke kaumaha o ka puaʻa makua ma kahi o 1 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 25 cm. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohālike e pili ana i 2 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke ola o ka rodent - 8-10 mau makahiki.
Ma ke ʻano he holoholona hoʻokolohua, he mea nui ka puaʻa guinea ma muli o kona ʻike kiʻekiʻe i nā pathogens o nā maʻi infectious he nui i ke kanaka a me nā holoholona mahiʻai. Ua hoʻoholo kēia mana o nā puaʻa guinea i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi lele he nui o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona (e laʻa, diphtheria, typhus, tuberculosis, glanders, etc.).
Ma nā hana a nā poʻe bacteriologists a me nā haole virologists II Mechnikov, NF Gamaleya, R. Koch, P. Roux a me nā mea'ē aʻe, ua noho mau ka puaʻa puaʻa a noho i kahi o nā wahi mua ma waena o nā holoholona laboratory.
No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka puaʻa guinea ma ke ʻano he holoholona keʻena no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, virology, pathology, physiology, etc.
I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka puaʻa guinea ma nā wahi āpau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai kanaka, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana o ka huaora C.
Aia ma waena o kona mau ʻohana ka lapeti kaulana, squirrel, beaver, a me ka capybara nui, ʻike ʻia mai ka zoo wale nō.
Oe E hoʻi Like A
ʻO ke anu, ka ʻū a me ka ihu kahe i loko o ka puaʻa guinea, he aha ka mea e hana ai inā ʻuhū ʻo ia
Pehea e mālama ai i ka hulu o nā rodents a me nā lapeti
