ʻO nā maʻi waha i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki

ʻElua hanauna o nā niho o nā mammals carnivorous (deciduous and permanent). No nā heterodonts lākou - nā holoholona me nā ʻano niho e hana i nā hana like ʻole. ʻAʻole like me nā kānaka, ʻaʻole nahu nā mea ʻai i kā lākou ʻai. Haehae lakou a moni iho. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki ke ulu i nā lua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi periodontal. ʻO kēia nā maʻi o ka ʻiʻo periorbital.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā he hewa i ka waha o kāu pipi?

• ʻala ʻino mai ka waha, drooling, haʻalulu o nā ʻiʻo masticatory, paʻakikī i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka pāʻani ʻana me nā mea.
• ʻO ke koko, pehu, ʻulaʻula ʻāʻī, ʻeha, plaque a me ka helu ʻana ma nā niho, nā niho hemo, nalo nā niho.
• Hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka muzzle: hōʻike ʻia o ka pehu ʻana ma ka ihu a i ʻole ka infraorbital a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o ka iwi ā lalo; ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā lymph nodes submandibular.

ʻO ka pāpaʻi a me ka tartar

ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka hana nau, malocclusion, hoʻopaneʻe nā niho waiu, nele i ka maʻemaʻe waha, a me nā maʻi like ʻole e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ke kīpē a me ka hāʻule ʻole o ke ake, a me ka immunodeficiencies e kōkua i ka waiho ʻana o ka plaque a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pōhaku. He 2 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka plaque, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka tartar ma muli o ka calcification ma lalo o ka hana o nā paʻakai mineral, ʻo ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ka saliva (supragingival calculus) a i ʻole ka wai kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka sulcus gingival (subgingival calculus). ʻAʻole ʻo ka pōhaku ponoʻī ke kumu o ka maʻi periodontal, akā ʻo kona ʻili ʻiliʻili kahi wahi kūpono no ka plaque a me nā microorganism e hoʻopili. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana - ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe (ka wehe ʻana i ka tartar e ka mea lapaʻau me ka ultrasound, ka wehe ʻana i nā waihona subgingival a me ka polishing o nā niho) a ukali ʻia e ka pulupulu ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā kōkua e hōʻemi i ka wehe mua ʻana o nā niho a mālama i kēia kūlana no kekahi mau makahiki.    

Nā niho pēpē

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā niho waiū i nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano nui ma kahi o 3,5 - 4 mau mahina, a ma nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, hiki kēia hopena ma kahi o ʻeono mahina (a i kekahi manawa 7-8 mau mahina). Ulu mua ka mola, a laila ka mua, a laila ka molar, a hope ka ʻīlio. ʻO ka huina o nā mola o nā ʻīlio he 42 (20 ma luna a me 22 ma lalo). I nā kittens, hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā niho waiū i nā niho paʻa ma kahi o 4 mau mahina. Ma ka 3,5 - 5,5 mahina. hoʻololi nā incisors, e 5,5 - 6,5 mahina. - nā niho, ma ka 4 - 5 mahina. - premolars, ma 5 - 6 mahina. – mola. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o nā niho i nā mahina 7, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi a hiki i 9 mau mahina. He 30 mau niho mau ka popoki makua. I nā pōpoki, hoʻololi pinepine nā niho me ka ʻole o nā pilikia, aia paha ke ʻala mai ka waha a me ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻāʻī. I nā ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā niho waiū ke lōʻihi a hiki i ka wā makua. Pono e nānā i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā niho, pono e wehe ʻia nā niho i hāʻule ʻole no ka lōʻihi loa, no ka mea, ʻo nā niho keu ke alakaʻi i ka malocclusion, ka pōʻino i ka ʻāʻī, ka wikiwiki o ka tartar, a me ka maʻi periodontal.    

ʻO ke kūlana kūlohelohe o nā niho, malocclusion 

Inā ʻeha kekahi niho i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka lehelehe me kona piko, a i ʻole ke hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka pani ʻana o nā ʻāwae, pono e wehe ʻia. Inā nahu hewa ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pale waha kūikawā a me nā pale no nā ʻīlio, akā hiki ke hana wale ʻia kēia e ke kauka lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ʻia nā palaki inā loaʻa ka maʻi ʻaʻa a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōpū. Inā ʻaʻole he pedigree ka ʻīlio, a ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ka nahu i ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻāʻī, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino i ka ʻāʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻo ia wale nō ke kīnā ʻole.     

Haʻi niho

ʻO ka ʻeha a me ka nau nui ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī hiki ke haki i nā niho. I kēia hihia, ma muli o ka lesion, wehe ʻia a uhi ʻia paha ka niho me ka hoʻopiha.    

Nā kino ʻē i loko o ka waha waha

Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā iwi, nā kaula, nā nila, ka uwea, nā kākalaioa mai nā mea kanu, nā ʻāpana lāʻau, ka "ua" a me ka ʻili i loko o ka waha. Hāmama ka waha o ka holoholona, ​​hoʻopuka i kona alelo, hamo i kona waha me kona mau wāwae a i ʻole ma ka honua, papahele a me nā lako. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka salivation a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hanu, ka ʻū, ka luaʻi, ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hānai. Inā ʻaʻole e wehe koke ʻia ka mea ʻē, hiki ke hoʻomake.    

ʻO nā maʻi o ka waha waha, ʻo ka mea maʻamau:

Stomatitis

ʻO ka mumū o ka mucosa waha. ʻO nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka stomatitis ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻeha, ka salivation, a me kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole mai ka waha.

• Catarrhal stomatitis. Me kēia ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻeha a me nā ʻeha. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka ʻāʻī - ʻulaʻula, pehu, ʻeha, aia paha kahi uhi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi i nā manawa ke ʻai ʻole ka holoholona a inu ʻole. Ke wehe ʻia ka plaque, hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi koko o ka mucosa. Hōʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mau wahi inflamed kaʻawale, a hiki ke uhi i ka lua waha holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāʻī. ʻO ka hoʻomaka o nā stomatitis a pau.
• Ulcerative stomatitis - nā pimple bubbles ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mucosa, ka mea i pohā me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi, a puni nā ʻiʻo olakino e ʻeha loa. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī, akā aia pū kekahi ma nā lehelehe a me nā papalina. Me ka ulcerative stomatitis, ʻai pinepine ka ʻīlio me ka ʻai ʻana. Hiki i ka Ulcerative stomatitis ke hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio a me ka calcivirosis, feline immunodeficiency virus, a me ka maʻi herpesvirus i nā pōpoki.
• Atrophic stomatitis. Ma waho, he ʻaʻa ikaika loa ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka mucous membrane o ka ʻili o loko o nā papalina. Inā ʻoe e nānā kokoke aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻeha / ʻeha. ʻO ka ʻili o ka mucosa he paʻakikī a ʻike ʻia e like me ke kikoo ʻana mai ka edema inflammatory, me he mea lā e kokoke ana e haki. ʻO ka hoʻopā liʻiliʻi ʻana i ka ʻeha e hōʻeha nui i ka ʻīlio. Hōʻole ka holoholona i ka meaʻai paʻa, a i nā hihia kūikawā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai i ka meaʻai palupalu. Hiki koke mai nā ʻeha i ka ʻāʻī me ka pili ʻana me kekahi mea paʻakikī.
• ʻO ka stomatitis phlegmonous. He mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole ia mai ka waha a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pus i nā ʻeha, nā ʻeha a me kona hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma waena o nā lehelehe a me nā ʻāʻī. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻolaha ke kaʻina purulent i loko o ka lua waha, e pili ana i nā microtrauma liʻiliʻi a me nā vesicle. Hoʻohana wale ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic systemic.
• Papillomatous stomatitis. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano stomatitis e ka papillomavirus a ua ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā neoplasms kikoʻī ma nā mucous membrane o nā lehelehe a me nā papalina, e like me ka cauliflower - papillomas. Ua pāpā ʻia ka lāʻau ponoʻī, no ka mea. He nui ka pilikia o ka laha a me ka ulu ʻana o nā papilloma ma loko o ka lua waha. He mea maʻamau ia i nā ʻīlio ma muli o kahi ʻōnaehana pale ʻole.

ʻAʻole hiki ke ho'ōla i ka stomatitis i loko o kahi ʻīlio iā ia iho me ke kipa ʻole ʻana i kahi mea lapaʻau (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa me ka ʻole o nā hopena). ʻAʻohe mea nāna e hoʻoholo pololei i ke kumu o kēia maʻi. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu o ka mumū, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka ʻole o kāna wehewehe kikoʻī, makehewa nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau.    

ʻO Gingivitis

ʻO ka hū ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, ma muli o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā kumu kūloko a me ka laulā a me ka hele ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka pono o ka hui gingival. Me ka gingivitis, lilo ka ʻāʻī i ʻulaʻula, pehu. Paʻakikī ka ʻai ʻana. He salivation paha. Ke koko ka ʻāʻī.    

ʻO Periodontitis

ʻO ka mumū o nā ʻiʻo periodontal (nā ʻiʻo e hoʻopuni ana i ka niho), i hōʻike ʻia e ka luku holomua ʻana (destruction) o ka periodontium a me ka iwi o ka alveolar (ke kumu niho - kahi puʻuwai i loko o ka ʻāwae kahi i loaʻa ai ke kumu o ka niho) āwae . Ua like nā hōʻailona me ka gingivitis. I ka nānā ʻana i ka waha waha, ʻike ʻia nā ʻeke o ka periodontal zone, paʻa nā niho, ʻeha. Hiki nō ke nalowale nā ​​niho.    

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi Periodontal

ʻO Dystrophic (ke kūlana pathological o nā ʻiʻo, i hōʻike ʻia e nā maʻi metabolic a me nā hoʻololi hoʻololi) periodontal lesion. Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi e kahi papa mau. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka maʻi periodontal kahi maʻi pathological o nā maʻi somatic maʻamau. I ka ulu ʻana o ke kaʻina hana, ʻike ʻia ka ʻulaʻula o nā ʻāʻī, ka ʻike nui ʻana o nā aʻa o nā niho, ke ʻano o ka diastema (ka piʻi ʻana o ka hakahaka ma waena o nā niho), a me kahi ʻokoʻa o nā niho. I nā pae hope, hoʻohui ʻia ka mobility niho pathological.   

Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka niho (i loko o nā pōpoki) (FORL)

ʻO ka maʻi niho i nā pōpoki, kahi e luku ʻia ai nā ʻiʻo niho me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā lua, ua luku ʻia nā hale niho āpau. Ma waho, hiki ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maʻi a hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka nānā ʻana i nā niho X-ray. I kekahi manawa ua ʻulaʻula ka ʻāʻī ma kahi o ka niho i hoʻopilikia ʻia, hiki ke koko a ulu ma ka lei. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka pinepine o nā niho i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia pathology pono e wehe ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ala kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi.

Nāʻu pala

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, akā hiki nō naʻe. Ma lalo o nā niho caries ua kapa ʻia ka pio ʻana o nā ʻiʻo paʻakikī o ka niho, e alakaʻi pinepine ana i ka luku ʻana i nā hale o enamel, dentin. Me ka luku nui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo niho, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā lua, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka ʻāpana lei o ka niho. Me nā lesions carious hohonu, hiki i ke kaʻina hana inflammatory ke hele i ka pulp o nā niho, nā aʻa o nā niho, me ke komo ʻana o nā ʻiʻo periodontal i ka mumū. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi i loko o nā holoholona, ​​​​e like me ke kanaka, he nui nā kumu, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo he kuleana nui e pāʻani ʻia e ka predisposition genetic, i ʻike ʻia i nā niho pilikia ma o ka pale ʻana, ke kū'ē, ka ʻōnaehana hormonal. ʻO ke kūlana lua ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai. No laila, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā meaʻai carnivorous i waiwai i nā carbohydrates (cereals, nā meaʻai maloʻo) a me ka nele o ka meaʻai momona i ka calcium (ʻoi loa no nā ʻīlio a me nā kittens), hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka plaque a hiki ke hana ʻia nā kīnā enamel ma muli o nā pilikia metabolism mineral. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi niho carious e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino - hiki ke sila a wehe ʻia paha.    

ʻO nā Tumors

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo ʻāʻī, uhi pinepine i nā niho, hiki ke piha a ʻaʻahu i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a i uhi ʻia me nā kiko makahiki, nā maʻi ʻeha, nā wahi necrosis, hiki i nā niho ke haʻalulu, hāʻule i waho a neʻe paha. Lawe pinepine ka waha i kahi ʻano asymmetrical. Hiki i nā neoplasms ke hoʻopili i nā ʻiʻo palupalu o ka waha - nā ʻāʻī, ka pala, ke alelo, nā papalina, pharynx, komo i loko o ka ihu, a hiki ke luku ʻia ka ʻiʻo iwi iwi. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāʻī o ka salivary me ka mumū a ʻoi aku ka pālua o ka maʻamau o nā pōpoki ma mua o nā ʻīlio. Ma kahi o 5-10% o nā maʻi maʻi o ka waha i loko o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. I nā ʻīlio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nui o nā neoplasms, ʻoiai i nā pōpoki, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā neoplasms he malignant. Pono lākou e kipa pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai lākou.    

Kāohi i nā maʻi o ka waha

Aia nā iwi nau kūikawā, nā lāʻau, nā pads e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā niho me kahi hopena abrasive, a me nā mea pāʻani no ka palaki ʻana i nā niho a me ka lomilomi ʻana i nā ʻōpala. Nui nā ʻoihana meaʻai pipi kaulana e hoʻohui i nā mea anti-plaque i ka meaʻai no nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, e like me ka polyphosphates, nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hana kūikawā o ka kibble meaʻai maloʻo (mechanical cleaning). Hana wale kēia ma ka plaque a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi. No ka paleʻana i nā maʻi o ka waha waha, pono e nānā mau i ka waha o kāu pipi, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka plaque 1-2 mau manawa i ka pule me nā paʻi kūikawā a me kahi pulupulu no nā holoholona, ​​hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā wai a me nā sprays no ka waha. E like me ka mea e pono ai, pono ʻoe e wehe i ka tartar me nā mea hana a i ʻole ka ultrasonic scaler, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana e hana wale ʻia e ka veterinarian. 

Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i kou mau niho mai ka plaque

Pono e hoʻohana i nā huahana kūikawā no nā holoholona - he mea weliweli nā niho niho kanaka ke ʻai ʻia. Pono pū kēia kaʻina hana i nā pulupulu kūikawā no nā holoholona, ​​kahi pulupulu manamana lima, kahi kāʻei i kāʻei ʻia i kahi manamana lima, no nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi a me nā pōpoki, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pulupulu o nā keiki liʻiliʻi me nā bristles palupalu ʻaʻole e hōʻino i ke olakino o ka holoholona. ʻAʻole pono ka holoi ʻana i nā niho niho a me nā gels no nā ʻīlio, a ʻoluʻolu pinepine i ka ʻīlio.

• ʻO kahi koho maʻalahi ke kāʻei i kou manamana lima me kahi bandage, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā papa 3-4. A laila, e hoʻopili i kahi paʻi kūikawā a i ʻole gel, a holoi i kou mau niho me nā neʻe māmā. I ka palaki ana, mai hoohana i ka ikaika, mai kaomi ikaika, no ka makau o kaili i ka enamel a e poino ai ka niho. 
• E hoʻopili i ka paʻi i nā bristles o ka pulupulu, e kāhili mālie, e hoʻomaka me nā niho hope. 
• Inā hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana no ka manawa mua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā niho a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hana i ka manipulation i nā ʻanuʻu.
• ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loko o nā niho o kāu pipi i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hiki i ka ʻīlio ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia iho.
• Pono ʻoe e hana i kahi noho mālie i ʻike maʻalahi ka holoholona i ke kaʻina hana. ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana me ka pilikia. I ke kaʻina hana, ʻōlelo ʻia e kamaʻilio aloha me ka holoholona, ​​​​e hoʻomaikaʻi.

 Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi pilikia me ka lua waha, he mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho, akā e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka holoholona e lawe i nā hoʻokolohua, e hana i kahi hōʻailona kūpono a me ka mālama pono.