Pehea e ʻakaʻaka ai nā ʻīlio?

ʻO ka manaʻo nui, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka "ʻakaʻaka" he manaʻo kōkua kanaka a hoʻoholo wale i ka pane leo o ke kanaka, i hele pū ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono.

A ʻo ka ʻakaʻaka he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia i hala ua hānau ʻia kahi ʻepekema kūikawā ma ʻAmelika - gelotology (ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka psychiatry), e aʻo ana i ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka a me kā lākou hopena i ke kino kanaka. I ka manawa like, ua puka mai ka ʻakaʻaka.

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻakaʻaka. A hoʻomaka nā keiki e ʻakaʻaka me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana mai 4-6 mau mahina mai ka tickling, hoʻoulu a me nā "cuckoo" ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻāpana like o ka poʻe noiʻi ʻōlelo ʻo nā primates kiʻekiʻe a pau he mau analogues o ka ʻakaʻaka a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano pāʻani o nā primates kiʻekiʻe e hui pū ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona maka a me nā huaʻōlelo: he helehelena hoʻomaha me ka waha hāmama a me ka hana hou ʻana o kahi hōʻailona kani stereotypical.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona leo o ka ʻakaʻaka kanaka ʻaneʻane like me nā chimpanzees a me nā bonobo, akā ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā orangutans a me nā gorila.

He hana paʻakikī ka ʻakaʻaka, ʻo ia hoʻi nā neʻe hanu i hoʻololi ʻia, i hele pū ʻia me kahi hiʻohiʻona maka - he minoʻaka. No ka hanu ʻana, i ka wā e ʻakaʻaka ai, ma hope o ka inhalation, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi, akā he pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā exhalations spasmodic pōkole, i kekahi manawa e hoʻomau ana no ka manawa lōʻihi, me kahi glottis hāmama. Inā lawe ʻia nā kaula leo i loko o nā neʻe oscillatory, a laila loaʻa kahi ʻakaʻaka leo nui - ʻakaʻaka, akā inā hoʻomaha nā kaula, a laila mālie ka ʻakaʻaka, kani ʻole.

Manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻakaʻaka ma kahi o 5-7 miliona mau makahiki i hala ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi kupuna hominin maʻamau, a ma hope ua lilo ia i mea paʻakikī a ulu. I ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o kona ʻano i kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻakaʻaka i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā kānaka e hele pololei, ma kahi o 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua ala mai ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka ma ke ʻano he mau hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ke kūlana "maikaʻi", akā ma ke ʻano he kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā hana o lāua ʻelua i kahi mamao loa mai ka pili mau ʻana me nā manaʻo maikaʻi.

Akā inā ʻo ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka he hōʻike ia o kahi kūlana maikaʻi o ke kino (a ʻike pū kekahi holoholona iā ia), a laila hiki ke ʻano like i loko o lākou, i kēia mau holoholona.

A i kēlā ʻano, makemake kekahi poʻe noiʻi e ʻimi i kahi kanaka ʻaʻole wale i loko o nā primates, i haʻi aku ai ʻo Coomrade Professor Jack Panksepp me nā kuleana āpau i hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kahi analogue o ka ʻakaʻaka i nā ʻiole. ʻO kēia mau koʻokoʻo, ma kahi kūlana pāʻani a ʻoluʻolu, hoʻopuka i kahi kani kani ma 50 kHz, i manaʻo ʻia ma ka hana a me ke kūlana e like me ka ʻakaʻaka o nā hominid, ʻaʻole i lohe ʻia e ka pepeiao kanaka. I ka wā o ka pāʻani, "ʻakaʻaka" nā ʻiole i ka hana a i ʻole ka palaualelo a ko lākou mau hoa a "ʻakaʻaka" inā ʻakaʻaka lākou.

Mai kēia ʻike ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻeha ʻia nā mea aloha ʻīlio orthodox. E like me kēia? Ua ʻakaʻaka kekahi mau ʻiole me ka ʻakaʻaka, a ua hoʻomaha nā hoa aloha o ke kanaka me ko lākou waha?

Akā ma luna o ka waha a me ke poʻo, nā ʻīlio a me nā mea nona lākou! ʻO kekahi hoa ʻē aʻe, ʻo Polofesa Harrison Backlund, ua aneane hōʻike ʻo ia he ʻano ʻakaʻaka nā ʻīlio a hiki iā lākou ke ʻakaʻaka, no ka laʻana, i ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou ʻīlio kamaʻāina e paheʻe ʻino a hina.

Manaʻo nō hoʻi ʻo Ethologist Patricia Simonet hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻakaʻaka a ʻakaʻaka me ka ikaika a me ka nui, no ka laʻana, i ka wā pāʻani. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Patricia i nā leo a nā ʻīlio hale i ka wā e hele ai ka mea nona ka hale e hele wāwae me lākou. A laila hoʻokani wau i kēia mau leo ​​i loko o kahi hale ʻīlio home ʻole, a ua ʻike ʻia he hopena maikaʻi loa lākou i nā holoholona hopohopo. Wahi a Patricia, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā leo i hana ʻia e nā ʻīlio ma mua o ka hele ʻana me ka hauʻoli me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kanaka i kona mau manaʻo leʻaleʻa me ka ʻakaʻaka hauʻoli.

Manaʻo ʻo Patricia ʻo ka ʻakaʻaka ʻīlio he mea like ia me ka ʻūhā kaumaha a i ʻole ka pume ikaika.

A, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe haʻawina koʻikoʻi e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻakaʻaka a ʻakaʻaka, nui ka poʻe nona kēia mau holoholona i manaʻoʻiʻo he ʻano ʻakaʻaka nā ʻīlio a hoʻokō pono i kēia manaʻo i ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka.

No laila, e manaʻo kākou hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻakaʻaka a ʻakaʻaka, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia kēia e ka ʻepekema koʻikoʻi.

Ki'i ki'i: Collection