ʻEulopa marsh honu: kiʻi, wehewehe, noho

Noho nā honu hū i ka ʻāina mahana. Aia lākou ma nā wahi a pau ma ʻEulopa Hema a me Central Europe, a ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o Rūsia. Hoʻonui ka nohona i Asia, ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Makemake nā mea kolo i nā kahawai a me nā kino wai ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ululāʻau pāpū me ka lepo pulu.

Nā wahi noho honu

Noho nā honu ʻo Bog i ka ʻāina wela, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou i maʻalahi i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī a me ke kauwela wela. Hiki ke loaʻa nā holoholona ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻāpana ʻākau:

1. Waena a me Europa Hema.
2. Kokoke hikina.
3. ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
4. wahi mahana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

Ua ʻike ʻia e noho pū ana nā honu marsh ma Rusia. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina:

• nā māhele o ka Caucasus;
• ʻāpana o ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa Caspian;
• nā kumu a me ke kīʻaha o ka Don;
• ʻāina ʻo Volga.

ʻO nā palena o kahi e noho ai ka honu marsh ʻEulopa, hele ma ka Caucasus ma ka hema, ka ʻāina ʻo Smolensk ma ke komohana, nā kumu o ka Don ma ka ʻākau a me nā kapa hema o ka muliwai ʻo Ural ma ka hikina. Noho nā honu Lūkini i loko o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, kahi e hopu mau ai ka poʻe amateurs iā lākou.

Ma hea ʻoe e hopu ai i ka honu

ʻAʻole like me ka honu pepeiao ʻulaʻula, noho ka honu bog ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau wale nō. Ua ʻike nā mea hoʻolale akamai i kekahi mau wahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano - eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona:

• delta o ka Dnieper;
• ke kapakai o ka muliwai Penzyanka kokoke i Saransk;
• nā loko iʻa kokoke i ke kauhale o Shadymo-Ryskino (Mordovia).

ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka honu marsh ʻEulopa i nā wai kuamoʻo o nā loko, nā wai kua a me nā wahi kahakai o nā muliwai. Noho ʻo ia ma nā wahi wai maʻemaʻe, akā naʻe, koho mau ʻia e wehe i nā kahakai kahakai e hoʻomaha ai mai nā kukuna o ka lā.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana me nā kamaʻāina kūloko no nā wahi kikoʻī, no ka mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea kolo.

Hana ʻia ka hopu ʻana iā ia iho penei:

1. Lawe lākou i kahi aho lawaiʻa, kanu i kahi ʻāpana iʻa maʻamau (halibut, pollock, hake, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole ka beetle, kahi mea ʻē aʻe.
2. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻāpana i ka ʻono Caramel.
3. Kiola lākou iā ia i kahi hohonu ma kahi o 1,5 mika kokoke i kahakai a kali i ka mea kolo e hopu i kahi ʻāpana.
4. A laila, hoʻowalewale ʻia ka honu i luna, komo lākou i ka wai a lawe ma nā ʻaoʻao - hema a ʻākau.
5. Huki akahele i ka makau mai ka waha.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻana i ka honu marsh i ke kakahiaka - mai ka hola 5 a hiki i ka ʻaina awakea (13-14 mau hola). He mea ole ke hana i keia i ke ahiahi a me ka po, no ka mea, e moe ana na mea kolo, e moe ana ilalo. ʻOiai i ka lā, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i kēia holoholona, ​​akā hiki i nā amateurs ke hopu i kekahi mau kānaka i ka lā 1. Loaʻa pinepine nā honu ʻōpio i ke kaupaona ʻana he 500-700 g, akā naʻe, aia kekahi mau honu makua ʻo 1-1,5 kg ke kaumaha.

Aia i hea ka honu i ka hooilo?

No ka hopu ʻana i kēia mea kolo, pono ʻoe e ʻike i hea a pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka honu marsh ma ke ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ʻeleu wale ana i nā mahana maikaʻi. I ka manawa e maʻalili ai ka ea a hiki i +6оС (ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa), haʻalele lākou no ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka lepo ma lalo o ka muliwai. No laila, hoʻopau nā honu i ke kau anuanu a pau, a laila ʻike hou lākou ma ka ʻili.

Hele mai lākou mai ka hibernation i ka wā e piʻi ai ka mahana o ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa + 5 ° C, a hoʻomehana ka ea a hiki i + 7 ° C. Ma Central Rūsia, ʻo ia mau ʻano wela o kēlā me kēia lā i ka waena o ʻApelila a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea kolo mua i ka hopena o ka puna. Ma nā ʻāpana hema, kahi e ʻoi aku ka mahana ma luna o ka zero, ʻeleu ka honu i ka hoʻoilo.

Anatomy a me ka helehelena

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole o ke ʻano o ka reptile penei:

1. Hiki i ka pūpū ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā kala ʻoliva.
2. Nui nā kiko melemele ma ke kino a me ka ʻili o ka honu marsh. He hiʻohiʻona kēia i hōʻike mau ʻia ma ka wehewehe.
3. ʻOliva a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻili.
4. He ʻalani ka maka, melemele a ʻeleʻele paha i kekahi manawa.
5. Ua ʻōlelo nā wāwae i nā maiuu, i lako me nā membrane no ka ʻauʻau.
6. He lōʻihi loa ka huelo (a hiki i ka 10-12 cm), i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka holo wikiwiki ʻana ma lalo o ka wai.

Aia ka iwi iwi i ka iwi poʻo, nā lālā, ka iwi kuamoʻo (cervical, trunk and tail). Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana nui me kahi pūpū paʻa e hiki ke kū i nā ukana ma kahi o 200 mau manawa o ke kaumaha o ka holoholona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā mākua e noho ana i ka nahelehele a hiki i 35 cm.

ʻO ke ola a me ka hana hou

He 700-800 g ka awelika o ka honu bog. He poʻe ʻōpio kēia ma lalo o 3-4 mau makahiki. I kēia makahiki, ulu koke lākou. Hiki i nā mea kolo makua ke 1,5 kg o ke kaumaha. ʻO ka manaʻolana ola e pili ana i nā kūlana:

• Noho nā mea kolo ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika i ka awelika o 50-55 mau makahiki;
• holoholona e noho ana ma ka mokuna o Rusia a me ka Near Abroad - 40-45 makahiki.

Hiki i nā mea kolo ke oʻo i ka makahiki 7-8, ʻoiai ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū ma kahi o 10 knm. Hānau nā holoholona i ka pūnāwai, kokoke koke ma hope o ke ala ʻana mai ka hibernation (Mei-Iune). Holo nā kāne ma hope o nā wāhine ma ka ʻāina, e kīkēkē ana i ka pūpū me ko lākou waha. A laila piʻi lākou mai luna mai - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hāpai ʻana. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i kāna mau hua i loko o ke one ma ke kahakai (maʻa mau a hiki i 200 mau mika mai ke kahakai).

Hana ʻo ia i pūnana nona iho, haehae a hana i ka lepo me nā wāwae ikaika. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i ka masonry ma kahi o 3-4 mau hola. A laila hoʻohua ka honu bog wahine: mai ka 5 a hiki i ka 19. Noho ka incubation mai 2 a 4 mau mahina, no laila e puka mai nā pēpē i ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa paha. Wehe lākou i ka pūpū mai loko mai a kolo koke i waho o nā hua, e hoʻāʻo ana e komo i loko o ka muliwai. I kekahi manawa ʻeli lākou i ke one a noho ma ia ala a hiki i ka puna. ʻO ke kaumaha i ka hānauʻana 5 g, lōʻihi - ma kahi o 2 cm.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kāne ʻaʻole i ka genetically, akā ma nā kūlana kaiapuni. Ina e oo ana ka paa i ka wela kiekie, hanau ka hapanui o na wahine, a ina ma ka wela haahaa, hanau na kane. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā pūnana honu e nā holoholona, ​​nā manu, a me nā kānaka. No laila, i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka heluna kanaka, a ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka honu bog i ke kūlana o "Near Threatened".

ʻO nā meaʻai a me nā hiʻohiʻona ola

ʻO kahi hapa nui o ka manawa o kēia mau mea kolo i loko o ka wai: hiki iā lākou ke noho ma laila no kekahi mau lā i ka lālani, i kekahi manawa e puka mai ana no kekahi mau kekona. Hiki i nā honu ma ka ʻāina, akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole lākou e kolo ma mua o 500 mika. Koho lākou i kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe mālie a hoʻomaha i nā lā lā. ʻAʻole paʻa ka wela o ke kino o ka holoholona, ​​no laila e hilinaʻi mau ʻia i ka wela ambient.

He maikaʻi nā honu hū ma ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ka hana ʻana ma lalo o ka wai, ka luʻu ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā neʻe a pau. ʻAi nui lākou:

• crustaceans;
• nā mea kolo;
• iʻa iʻa;
• nā ʻuʻu, nā rana;
• kaviara;
• iʻa liʻiliʻi.

Makemake nui lākou e ʻimi i nā kānaka ola, akā hiki nō iā lākou ke ʻai i ka carrion. He mau manu kuhukukū, akā he poʻe hahai holoholona. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā mea neʻe mālie, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hānai i ka iʻa. Ma kahi o 15% o ka meaʻai he meaʻai mea kanu - duckweed, algae a me nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ke kāne o kahi mea kolo

Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kāne o ka honu marsh wale nō i nā mākua i piha i 7 mau makahiki (ka lōʻihi o ka carapace mai 10 knm). He paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka papahele o kahi mea kolo hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe i kekahi mau holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i kēia. Lawe ʻia nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano he kumu.

1. He plastron palahalaha ko ka wahine (ka ili iwi o ka opu), a o ke kane, he piko iki ko loko.
2. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kūlana ke kū'ē).
3. He mau māuʻu lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kāne ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua.
4. ʻO ka huelo o nā kāne he lōʻihi, ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka huelo o ka wahine he pōkole a ʻaʻole maopopo ka mānoanoa.
5. He angular ke kua o ka plastron i kane a poepoe i ka wahine.
6. He mau maka mama (melemele) ko ka wahine, a he mau maka alani a me ka eleele kane.
7. I nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāwae ma mua o nā kāne.

Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā kāne, hoʻonohonoho pinepine i nā hakakā me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Holo lākou ma hope o nā wāhine ma ka ʻāina, ʻauʻau i ka wai.

Hōʻike ka inoa o ka ʻano "Marsh turtle" i nā ʻano o ka noho a me ke ʻano o ka holoholona. ʻOiai ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia mau mea kolo i nā wai maʻemaʻe o nā muliwai, nā loko a me nā loko. Makemake lākou i nā wai hoʻomaha mālie me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka loli ʻana o ka mahana.

Video: Honu ʻEulopa ma ka nahelehele