ʻO nā holoholona i make a me nā puke ʻulaʻula o ka Middle and Southern Urals

ʻO wai ka mea e komo ʻole i loko o ia puke ka heluna o nā luna. A ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi mau holoholona i ka Red Book of the Urals no ke kumu maikaʻi ʻole: ʻaʻole ia i kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hihia, ke kau nei ma luna o ka māhele teritore. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia māhele kona Buke Ula ponoʻī, a hiki i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i nā Urals, a aia kekahi ʻaoʻao ma waho. I ka manaʻo, hiki ke hana i kahi papa inoa o nā ʻano pōʻino no nā Urals holoʻokoʻa, akā e hoʻohui liʻiliʻi i nā papa inoa kūloko, a no ke kōkua kūpono, pono e huli kekahi i nā hoʻoponopono kūloko a me nā kumuwaiwai.

No ka Middle a me Southern Urals, aia nā puke, akā i ko mākou manawa, ma ia mau mea, alakaʻi nui ʻia lākou e nā papa inoa kūloko. Pono nā holoholona i loaʻa ma ka ʻĀkau a i ʻole Polar Uralsskat ma nā puke āpau, no ka laʻana, ma ka Red Book o ka Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻekolu mau pūʻulu reindeer, ʻo kekahi o ia: ka heluna polar-Ural (a hiki i 150 mau holoholona) hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Book of the Urals.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka deer e nā pipeline gas a me nā kamaʻilio ʻē aʻe, a laila hiki iā lākou ke neʻe ma kahi mamao o 1000 km, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ke kumu, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe mai kahi Red Book a i kekahi. Ma ka Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Polar Urals Reserve, kahi i pāpā ʻia ai ke kī ʻana i nā holoholona a ua kaupalena ʻia ke komo ʻana o nā deer domesticated. Eia nō naʻe, ana ʻia ka helu o kahi ʻauhau (hui) e like me kekahi mau ʻikepili e nā kakini o nā kānaka, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo maikaʻi, a hiki i 150 specimens.

E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale honua, i loko o nā Red Books a pau, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻino o ka pau ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 6 mau ʻāpana:

• 0 - nā heluna kanaka i nalowale. ʻO kēia pūʻulu kaumaha loa he vertebrates, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ke ola ʻana i nā makahiki he 50 i hala.
• 1 ka pilikia. Ua piʻi ka heluna kanaka i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi.
• 2, 3, 4 - ma waena o 1 a me 5.
• 5 - hoʻihoʻi hou i ka lehulehu. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka nui o nā holoholona i kahi mokuʻāina kahi i koi ʻole ʻia ai nā hana wikiwiki no ka hoʻihoʻi.

Ma kahi ʻano kaiaola, kū ka Middle a me Southern Urals mai ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, mamao loa mai ka maikaʻi.

Buke Ulaula o na Ural Waena

Pono kēia e komo nā ʻano mea ʻino o ke ʻano Ural ma ka mokuna o Bashkortostan, Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk a me Chelyabinsk. Hoʻonui mau ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o kēia puke e nā poʻe ʻaihue a me nā luna ʻoihana like. Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōʻai o ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia, pono e hoʻolohe kekahi i ka ʻaoʻao o waho e pili ana i ka hana kanaka.

Wahi a nā palapala kūhelu, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka wai i loko o nā waihona he nui ma ka ʻāina ʻo Sverdlovsk mai ka lepo a i ka lepo loa a i ʻole ka lepo loa. ʻO ka nui o nā hoʻokuʻu e hoʻohaumia i ka lewa ma mua o 1,2 miliona tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui o ka wai ʻino, kahi o 68% i haumia, kokoke i 1,3 billion cubic mika. mika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o kahi kilomika cubic o ka wai lepo i ninini ʻia e ka ʻāina ʻo Sverdlovsk wale nō. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke koena o nā ʻāpana.

ʻEono muliwai nui o ka ʻāina ua koho ʻia ʻo ia nā kino wai haumia loa ma Rusia. I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pae ʻāina no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻawaʻawa, ma nā ʻāina o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana aia nā hale mālama sludge a me nā loko wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma kahi o 900 miliona cubic mika o ka wai ʻona.

Ma kahi o 20% o nā ululāʻau e pili ana i nā kikowaena ʻoihana i hoʻonele ʻia i kahi ʻāpana o nā nila a i ʻole nā ​​lau ma muli o nā hoʻokuʻu ʻino. ʻO kekahi mau kūlanakauhale a me nā apana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina ʻo Sverdlovsk ke kū nei i waho o ia mau helu kaumaha. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka pilina pili waiwai i ke kumu no ka manaʻo maikaʻi: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻoihana e hana i kekahi mau uku hoʻopaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana a hoʻokaʻawale i nā kālā no ke kūkulu hou ʻana.

ʻAʻole kēia he mau kuhi hewa wale nō, akā he mau huaʻōlelo wale nō mai nā ʻōlelo a ke Aupuni o ka ʻāina ʻo Sverdlovsk. Ka uku no ka poinoi hoʻokau ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo ʻole. ʻO nā muliwai me nā kapa nani maikaʻi loa o Usva a me Chusovaya, e kahe ana ma nā wahi i pale ʻia, hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā effluents ʻoihana. A inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā kālā a me ka ʻaihue ākea a me ka palaho, a laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka Red Book of the Urals e like me ka moʻolelo o kahi kanaka maʻi hope ʻole.

ʻOiai ka waiwai nui o nā Urals i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, he nui nā wahi i makemake ʻole i ka ʻoihana, a no laila ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia a noho ʻia ʻaʻole e nā kānaka wale nō, akā e nā holoholona hihiu pū kekahi. No ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōmaikaʻi, ua hāmama ākea ka Red Book.

Muskrat

ʻO kēia wale nō ka holoholona iā wai ʻaʻohe laki me ka wahi, a ua hāʻule ʻo ia i loko o ka māhele mua o ka Red Book of the Middle Urals, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ka Teritori Perm a me ka ʻāina ʻo Chelyabinsk. (ʻO nā wahi noho nui o ka desman he loko wai kahe, a aia lākou ma ke komohana a me ka hikina o ka Ural Range). ʻAʻole kūpono nā kino wai pāpaʻu e maloʻo i ke kauwela a maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki i ka muskrat ke ola wale i loko o nā lua me ke komo ʻana ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, a no kēia mea pono e wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia nā kapa wai.

ʻO ke kuko kanaka ka pilikia nui o kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi. I ka wā i nui ai ka nui o ka muskrat, ua luku nui ʻia ma muli o ka hulu nani. A ʻo ka hānau ʻana o ka muskrat me ka pahuhopu pragmatic like i alakaʻi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka desman mai ko lākou mau wahi maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna o ka heluna kanaka e hana ʻia e ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka: ka lawe ʻana i ka wai no ka irrigation, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka haumia o nā kino wai.

Hedgehog

Ka papa inoa o ka hedgehog maʻamau i ka Red Data Book o ka Sverdlovsk Region hiki ke kahaha i kekahi, ʻaʻole naʻe ka poʻe noho o Yekaterinburg a i ʻole Nizhny Tagil, ka poʻe i ʻike i nā leʻaleʻa āpau o ke kūlana kaiaola kūloko i ko lākou ʻili ponoʻī. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka nui o nā ʻano ʻiʻo ke kūpaʻa iā ia, a laila hiki ke kaulahao meaʻai i ka hedgehog. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka palau ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau e hoʻonui i ke kūlana. Eared hedgehog ua helu ʻia ma ka Red Book of Bashkortostan.

Mink ʻEulopa

Ma ka Red Book o ka Chelyabinsk region, ua hāʻule kēia holoholona i ka māhele 1, ma Bashkortostan, i ka māhele 2, a ma ka Red Book of the Perm Territory, ua nele loa ia, e like me ka mea i loko o ka papa inoa o nā kumuwaiwai hahai holoholona. No laila no ka mink ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o nā ʻano ʻAmelika ma mua o nā kānaka.

Nā holoholona ʻē aʻe

Inā haʻalele mākou i ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia lā o nā holoholona, ​​e pili ana i nā mammals wale nō, a e hoʻomanaʻo i ka manaʻo o nā mea olaola e pili ana i kēia, a laila e lawe ʻia nā ʻōpala, nā manu a me nā mea ola a pau koe nā mea kanu mai ka papa inoa ʻana iā lākou.

Mai nā mammals Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa:

• ʻumiumi ʻōpeʻa
• ʻōpeʻapeʻa wai
• peʻapeʻa o Natusius
• peʻapeʻa dwarf
• pō loko
• ʻaʻahu ʻili ʻākau
• ʻili hope
• Natterera pō

Nā lālā o ke kauoha rodent:

• lele lele - hiki ke hana i nā lele lele a hiki i 50 m
• jerboa nui
• lemming nahele
• hamster hina
• hale moe māla
• ʻO ka hamster a Eversman
• Hamster Djungarian

Buke Ulaula o na Ural Hema

Loaʻa ia nā ʻano ʻano pōʻino o Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk a me Orenburg. ʻO JSC "Orsknefteorgsintez" a me "Gaisky GOK" ka mea nui i ke kūlana kaiaola ma ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻano barbaric i ke ʻano, ʻo ka inoa ʻo "Mednogorsk copper and sulfur plant" ua lawa ia e haʻalulu ai ka poʻe ʻepekema inā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana mua i nā hopena nui. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg, ʻo 5% wale nō nā kumu wai maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka wai lepo loa i loaʻa ma 16% o nā kumu wai.

Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka ʻāina i palau ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o ka lepo, ka maloʻo a me ka emi ʻana o ka momona. I ka manawa like, lawe ʻia ma kahi o 25% o ka wai o ke kahawai ʻo Ural River me nā miliona cubic mika. nā wai lepo o ka ʻāina ʻo Chelyabinsk a me kā lākou iho. Hiki i nā mea olaola, ʻaʻohe ona levers o ka mana, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā loli i ka Red Book.

ʻaʻahu ʻo Rūsia Hema

keia holoholona mai ʻohana marten noho i nā steppes maloʻo ʻole lāʻau a me nā wao nahele. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i loko o nā wahi i ʻōuʻu ʻia ua hāʻule ia i ka māhele 1. E like me ka steppe polecat, ʻimi nui kēia holoholona i ka pō: nā rodents, nā manu a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi holoholona ʻeleu a wikiwiki hoʻi i kahi kokoke i nā kānaka a me nā ʻāina i mahi ʻia.

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe waiwai o ka lole kāmeʻa kikoʻī i ka poʻe hahai holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia holoholona.

Saiga – Saiga tatarica

ʻO ka subfamily o nā antelopes, ka saiga (k), ua pilikia nui ʻia e nā kūlana honua. I loko o ka Buke Ulaula o ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg, aia nō kēia holoholona i ka ʻāpana 1. Nui nā poʻe i ʻike i kēia antelope humpbacked. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano e ka ulu ʻana o nā leo aloha i ka wā o ka rut - hana nā kāne ikaika loa i nā leo (ma ka ihu) o kahi alapine haʻahaʻa, hele ka koho mua ma kēia ʻaoʻao.

Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg, aia kahi ʻāina ʻāina ʻo "Orenburgsky", nona nā wahi kaʻawale 4, ʻo ka nui loa o "Ashchisaiskaya steppe" he 7200 mau ʻeka. I ka hectares, ke nānā aku nei ke kiʻi, he mea kupanaha paha, akā e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā saigas, ua like ia me ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa: ʻo kahi pūʻali makaʻu o kēia mau antelope e hele i kahi ʻāina e ana ʻo 8 a 9 km ma lalo o 10 mau minuke. No laila, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo: ʻike ʻia nā pua liʻiliʻi o nā saiga ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma kēia ʻano - hiki iā lākou ke hele wale.

popoki steppe

No ka poʻe palaualelo a ʻoi aku ka palaualelo o nā pōpoki, ʻaʻole i pohō nui nā wahi liʻiliʻi o nā waihona. ʻO ia paha ke kumu o kēia holoholona nani i loko o ka Buke ʻulaʻula o ka ʻāpana ʻo Orenburg. ʻAʻole pilikia loa ka māhele 3. He ʻiole a me nā manu kāna mea ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, ke hele ʻole mai nā gerbils i ka ʻili, hiki i nā pōpoki pololi ke hele i kahi noho kanaka a piʻi i loko o ka hale moa.

I ka hopena, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he ʻano maʻamau ka ʻano barbaric i ke ʻano ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻāina Ural. ʻO ka puni o Norilsk a me keʻano o ka Kola Peninsula e pili ana i nā mea kanuʻoihana e waiho i kahi manaʻo kaumaha. I ka wā e noho mau ai ke kālā a me ka euro i nā holoholona laʻa, aia kahi wahi palekana no nā holoholona hihiu ʻano 0 wale nō ma ka Red Book.