kino ʻīlio

Aia ma kahi o 400 mau ʻīlio ʻīlio ma ka honua i kēia lā. A, ʻoiai nā ʻokoʻa o waho, mai ka manaʻo o ka biology, loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻano like. ʻO ka French Bulldog a me ka Tibetan Mastiff, ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha.

iwi

ʻO ke kumu o kēlā me kēia ʻano vertebrate (a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻīlio) ʻo ia ka iwi. Kōkua ia i nā holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ko lākou kino i loko mai ka pōʻino.

1. Ipoʻo. He iwakāluakumamāhiku iwi ka iwi poʻo o ka ʻīlio. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka elastic: i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, paʻakikī ka ʻiʻo pili, a lilo nā iwi i palupalu a palupalu.

   Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kānaka ʻepekema i ʻekolu ʻano iwi poʻo i loko o nā ʻīlio:

   Me ke kōkua o ka hui hoʻoneʻe ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia ka iwi ā lalo i ka iwi poʻo. He 42 ka mola o ka poe makua. He liʻiliʻi nā niho waiū o nā ʻīlio - he 28 wale nō, akā pono e ʻike ʻia lākou a pau i ka piha ʻana o ʻelua mahina. I ʻekolu mahina, hoʻomaka mālie ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā niho, e pau ana i ka makahiki.

   • Dolichocephalic - elongated. Loaʻa ia i nā holoholona me ka muzzle elongated - no ka laʻana, ma ka borzoi Lūkini;

   • He mea maʻamau ka Mechophalic. ʻEkolu hapahā o nā ʻano ʻano i loaʻa kēia ʻano iwi poʻo: huskies, hipa ʻīlio, etc.;

   • Brachycephalic - pōkole. He ʻano iwi poʻo ko Pekingese, bulldogs a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

2. Nahu. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o waho ka nahu o ka ʻīlio. ʻAʻole wale kēia aesthetics, akā ʻo kona olakino pū kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo ke kūlana hewa o nā niho hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā maʻi he nui.

   Nā ʻano o ka nahu:

   • No ka hapa nui o nā ʻano, ʻo ka nahu kūpono loa i manaʻo ʻia he nahu ʻoki, kahi e hoʻopā ai nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa i ka ʻili o loko o nā mea o luna;

   • ʻO ka nahu like me ka tick i manaʻo ʻia he deviation mai ka maʻamau, i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai nā incisors i kekahi i kekahi;

   • ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale koʻikoʻi i lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pili nā incisors haʻahaʻa i nā mea o luna. Aia kona pilikia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pau ʻana o nā mola;

   • ʻO ka maʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no nā ʻano he nui he bulldog bite, kahi e neʻe ai ka ʻāwae haʻahaʻa i mua. Akā no nā ʻīlio brachycephalic, ʻo ia ka nahu ka mea maʻamau.

3. Kukū. ʻO ke kumu o kēlā me kēia iwi iwi ka iwi kuamoʻo. E like me ke kanaka, aia i loko o nā ʻāpana vertebral e pili ana i nā iwi ʻaoʻao a me nā iwi ʻē aʻe.

   Hoʻopili ʻia ka waho o ka ʻīlio e ka lokahi o kāna hoʻohui ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻo ka iwi wale nō ka mea nui ma ʻaneʻi, akā ʻo nā ʻiʻo pū kekahi. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā mea nona nā ʻīlio i ʻekolu mau hemahema i loko o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal: nā hemahema i nā iwi, nā hui a me nā mea muscular. ʻO nā kumu o ko lākou helehelena hiki ke genetic a loaʻa ma muli o nā maʻi a me ka mālama pono ʻole.

   • Hoʻopili ka iwi kuamoʻo i ke kumu a me ka iwi poʻo - ʻehiku kēia mau ʻōiwi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā vertebrae mua ʻelua, ʻo ka mobile loa, e like me nā vertebrates āpau, ua kapa ʻia ʻo atlas a me epistrophy;

   • He ʻumikūmākolu vertebrae ka ʻāina ʻāʻī - ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ʻumikūmākolu mau ʻaoʻao. Ma ka'āpana o nā iwiʻaoʻao mua, pili ka scapula, humerus, radius a me ka ulna, a me ka lima, i ke kino;

   • ʻO ka pūhaka he ʻehiku iwi iwi;

   • ʻO ka sacrum a i ʻole ka sacrum ʻekolu vertebrae hui pū ʻia. Ma nāʻano he nui,ʻo ia ka sacrum e hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o ka huelo o ka'īlio. Hoʻopili ʻia e kahi hui paʻa i ka iwi pelvic. ʻO ka lālā pelvic ka pelvis, ka'ūhā, ka wāwae lalo a me ka wāwae;

   • He vertebrae ka huelo o ka ʻīlio, ma ka awelika he 20-23, akā aia kekahi mau hihia inā he 15-25 vertebrae. ʻO ke ʻano, ka nui a me ke kūpono o ka huelo e pili ana i nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano.

manaʻo

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana nui o ka ʻīlio, e like me ke kaʻa ʻana, ka makaʻu, ka hanu, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ua like ia me ko ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui loa ka hana a nā mea ʻike. ʻEono o nā ʻīlio: honi, pā, kaulike, ʻike, lohe a ʻono.

1. Pilau. ʻAʻole like me ke kanaka i loaʻa ka ʻike kumu e pili ana i ka honua ma o ka ʻike maka, ʻo ke ʻano ʻano nui o ka ʻīlio ʻo ia ka ʻala.

   E noʻonoʻo wale: ma ka ihu o ke kanaka aia ma kahi o 5 miliona mau mea hoʻokipa e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā ʻala, a ma ka ihu o kahi ʻīlio aia ma kahi o 150 miliona o lākou! ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻala o ka hahai holoholona a me nā ʻano lawelawe: hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke loaʻa kahi ʻano i nā lā he nui.

2. Hihio. ʻOiai ua like ke ʻano o ka maka o ka ʻīlio me ke ʻano o ka maka o ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka holoholona. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻīlio ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa i ka makahiki mua o ko lākou ola ʻana, a laila hoʻomaka ka deteriorate. I ka hopena, ua makapō nā ʻīlio kahiko. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana o nā holoholona ma mua o ke kanaka i ka pōʻeleʻele.

3. Lohe a kaulike. E like me ke kanaka, he pepeiao waho, loko, a waena ka ʻīlio. Aia i loko o ka vestibular apparatus, nona ke kuleana no ke koena o ka holoholona.

   ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lohe ʻana o ka ʻīlio ma mua o ko ke kanaka. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka laulā o nā alapine i lohe ʻia e nā holoholona mai 12 a 80 Hertz, ʻoiai hiki i nā kānaka ke lohe i nā haʻalulu me ka alapine o 000 a 16 Hertz. Ma ke ala, ʻike pū nā ʻīlio i ka ultrasound.

4. Hoʻopā Loaʻa i ka pipi ka ʻike e pili ana i ka honua a puni iā ​​​​ia ma o nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻopā ʻana: ʻili a me nā ʻūhā - vibrissae. Me ke kōkua o nā ʻili ʻili, ʻike ʻo ia i ka mahana a me ka ʻeha. A ʻo ka vibrissae, aia ma kahi kokoke i ka ihu, nā maka a me nā wāwae, e hana i kahi hana tactile. Hiki i ka ʻīlio ke hoʻomaopopo i ka wahi o nā mea me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana iā lākou, e nā au ea.

5. ʻOno. ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia inā hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻono. Malia paha, hoʻoholo ka holoholona i ka hiki a i ʻole ke ʻai ʻole ʻia o kekahi mea ma kona ʻala. Hōʻoia ka noiʻi i kēia: ʻoiai aia ma kahi o 9000 mau ʻono ma ka alelo kanaka, ʻo 1700 wale nō ma ka alelo o ka ʻīlio.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā pono i ke olakino o ka holoholona.

He mea nui nō hoʻi e nānā pono i nā hoʻololi a pau i ka ʻano a me ka maikaʻi o ka holoholona a ʻimi i ke kōkua o ka mea lapaʻau i ka manawa.

Ki'i ki'i: Collection

October 29 2018

Hana ʻia: Ianuali 17, 2021