Hoʻomaopopo anei nā ʻīlio i ke kanaka?

No nā kaukani makahiki, ʻo nā ʻīlio ka hoa pili loa o ke kanaka. Noho lākou a hana pū me mākou a lilo i lālā o ko mākou ʻohana, akā maopopo anei lākou i kā mākou ʻōlelo a me kā mākou mau manaʻo? No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe hānai ʻīlio i ka ʻokoʻa, ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻīlio e hoʻomaopopo i kāna mea nāna, e hōʻike wale ana ia i ke ʻano o ka hana aʻo ʻia, a ke hoʻopili wale nei ka mea nona nā ʻano kanaka iā ia. Akā ua hāpai hou ka noiʻi hou i ka nīnau inā maopopo ka ʻīlio i ke kanaka a me ka ʻōlelo kanaka.

E noiʻi e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana cognitive i nā ʻīlio

ʻOiai ke ʻike nei ke kanaka i ka pilina lōʻihi a pili loa ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka ʻīlio, ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike i nā ʻīlio he mea hou loa. I loko o kāna puke How Dogs Love Us, ʻo ka neuroscientist ʻo Gregory Burns o ke Kulanui ʻo Emory i kapa ʻia ʻo Charles Darwin ma ke ʻano he paionia ma ke kula i ka makahiki 1800. Ua kākau nui ʻo Darwin e pili ana i nā ʻīlio a me kā lākou hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo ma ka ʻōlelo kino ma kāna hana ʻekolu, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Hōʻike ʻo Phys.org i ka noiʻi mua nui o kēia wā, i mālama ʻia ma 1990 e Duke University Associate Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology Brian Hare, a laila he haumāna puka ma ke Kulanui ʻo Emory. Eia naʻe, loaʻa kēia wahi o ka noiʻi i ka kaulana maoli i nā makahiki 2000 wale nō. I kēia mau lā, hana ʻia nā noiʻi hou e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o nā ʻīlio i ka ʻōlelo a ke kanaka, nā hana, a me nā manaʻo e hana mau ʻia. Ua kaulana kēia kahua a ua wehe ʻo Duke University i kahi ʻoihana kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Canine Cognition Center ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Kauka Hare.

Hoʻomaopopo anei nā ʻīlio i nā kānaka?

No laila, he aha nā hopena o nā haʻawina a pau i hana ʻia? Hoʻomaopopo anei nā ʻīlio iā mākou? Me he mea lā ua pololei ka poʻe mea ʻīlio nāna i ʻōlelo ua hoʻomaopopo nā ʻīlio iā lākou, ma ka hapa iki.

Hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo

I ka makahiki 2004, ua paʻi ka puke pai ʻepekema i nā hopena o kahi noiʻi e pili ana i kahi collie palena i kapa ʻia ʻo Rico. Ua lanakila kēia ʻīlio i ka honua ʻepekema, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa koke i nā huaʻōlelo hou. ʻO ka hopu wikiwiki ka hiki ke hana i kahi manaʻo kumu o ka manaʻo o kahi huaʻōlelo ma hope o ka lohe mua ʻana, ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā keiki liʻiliʻi i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hana i kahi huaʻōlelo. Ua aʻo ʻo Rico i nā inoa o nā mea like ʻole he 200, e aʻo ana e ʻike iā lākou ma ka inoa a loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ʻehā pule o ka hālāwai mua.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi hou a ke Kulanui o Sussex ma ʻEnelani ʻaʻole ʻike wale nā ​​ʻīlio i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i kā mākou kamaʻilio, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā huaʻōlelo i manaʻo ʻia mai nā mea ʻole. ʻO nā hopena o kahi noiʻi 2014 i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Current Biology hōʻoia e hoʻohana nā ʻīlio, e like me ke kanaka, i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lolo e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau ʻano o ka ʻōlelo. ʻOi aku ka pololei, hana ʻia nā hōʻailona manaʻo e ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ka lolo, a ʻo ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo e hana ʻia e ka hema.

Hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻōlelo kino

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi haʻawina 2012 e PLOS ONE magazine e hoʻomaopopo nā ʻīlio i nā ʻōlelo pili kanaka a hiki i kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohuli iā lākou. I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona i ʻelua ʻāpana o ka meaʻai o nā ʻano nui like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio i koho i ka hapa nui iā lākou iho. Akā i ke komo ʻana o nā kānaka, ua loli ke kūlana. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pane maikaʻi ʻana o ke kanaka i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā holoholona he mea makemake ia e koho.

Ma kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe 2012 i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Current Biology, ua aʻo nā mea noiʻi Hungarian i ka hiki o nā ʻīlio ke wehewehe i nā ʻano kamaʻilio maʻalahi. I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia nā holoholona i ʻelua ʻano like ʻole o ka wikiō like. Ma ka mana mua, nānā ka wahine i ka ʻīlio a ʻōlelo i nā huaʻōlelo: "Aloha ʻīlio!" me ka leo aloha ma mua o ka nana aku. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka nānā ʻana o ka wahine i lalo i nā manawa a pau a kamaʻilio me ka leo haʻahaʻa. I ka nānā ʻana i ka mana mua o ka wikiō, nānā nā ʻīlio i ka wahine a hahai i kāna nānā. Ma muli o kēia pane, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe noiʻi he like ko nā ʻīlio e like me nā keiki ma waena o nā makahiki ʻeono a me ʻumikumamālua mahina e ʻike i ka pilina pololei me lākou a me ka ʻike i haʻi ʻia iā lākou.

ʻAʻole paha kēia he hōʻike iā Kauka Hare o ka Canine Cognition Center ma Duke University, nāna i hana i kāna mau hoʻokolohua ponoʻī me nā ʻīlio ma ke ʻano he poʻokela ma ke Kulanui ʻo Emory i nā makahiki 1990. Wahi a Phys.org, ua hōʻoia ka noiʻi a Kauka Hare he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻīlio ma mua o ko mākou mau hoahānau pili loa, nā chimpanzees, a me nā keiki, i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā manamana lima, ke kūlana kino, a me nā neʻe ʻana o ka maka.

Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā naʻau

Ma mua o kēia makahiki, ua hōʻike nā mea kākau o kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Biology Letters of the Royal Society of London (British Royal Society), hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo o nā kānaka. ʻO ka hopena o ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā mea noiʻi mai ke Kulanui o Lincoln ma United Kingdom a me ke Kulanui o Sao Paulo ma Brazil, ua hōʻoia ka haʻawina e hana nā ʻīlio i nā hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo abstract o nā kūlana manaʻo maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.

I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻīlio i nā kiʻi o nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe i hauʻoli a huhū paha. Ua hui pū ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kiʻi me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā leo leo me nā leo hauʻoli a huhū paha. Ke hoʻohālikelike ka manaʻo i hōʻike ʻia e ka leo i ka manaʻo i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi, ua nui ka manawa o nā holoholona e aʻo ai i ka helehelena o ke kiʻi.

Wahi a kekahi o nā mea noiʻi, ʻo Kauka Ken Guo o ke Kula Nui o Lincoln University of Psychology, "Ua hōʻike ka noiʻi mua e hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻike i nā manaʻo o ke kanaka ma muli o nā hōʻailona e like me nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena, akā ʻaʻole like kēia me ka ʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo. ” e like me ka pūnaewele. ScienceDaily.

Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau ala ʻokoʻa o ka ʻike, ua hōʻike ka poʻe noiʻi he ʻoiaʻiʻo ko nā ʻīlio ka mana cognitive e ʻike a hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o nā kānaka.

No ke aha i hoʻomaopopo ai nā ʻīlio iā mākou?

ʻO ke kumu e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hoʻomaopopo iā mākou he mea pohihihi, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea noiʻi e noʻonoʻo nei i kēia hiki ke hopena o ka evolution a he mea pono. Ua pili pili nā ʻīlio me nā kānaka no nā kaukani makahiki a ma hope o ka manawa i hilinaʻi ʻia i ke kanaka ma mua o nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki paha i ka hānau ʻana ke kuleana, no laila ua koho ʻia nā ʻīlio ma muli o kekahi mau mana cognitive. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe pili pili a hilinaʻi i ke kanaka, e hoʻomohala koke a ma hope paha i ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo iā mākou a kamaʻilio pū me mākou.

He aha ke ʻano o kēia iā ʻoe a me kāu ʻīlio?

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe ua hiki i kāu pipi ke hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole wale i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā kauoha waha, akā i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike, he aha ka ʻokoʻa? ʻO ka mea mua, hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe i ka hilinaʻi e hiki i kāu ʻīlio ke aʻo ʻaʻole wale i nā kauoha "Noho!", "E kū!" a me "Paw!" Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke hoʻopaʻanaʻau i nā haneli mau huaʻōlelo, e like me Rico, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, a me Chaser, ka Border Collie, nāna i aʻo ma luna o 1 mau huaʻōlelo. Loaʻa iā Chaser kahi mana kupaianaha e ʻohi koke i nā huaʻōlelo hou a hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pāʻani ma kona inoa. Inā ʻoe e noi iā ia e ʻimi i waena o nā mea pāʻani i ʻike ʻia e ia i kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka inoa, e hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia e hoʻopili ʻia ka pāʻani hou me kahi inoa hou i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ia. Hōʻike kēia mākaukau i ko mākou mau hoa wāwae ʻehā he akamai loa.

ʻO kekahi nīnau ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o ka naʻau o nā ʻīlio inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i nā cues pilikanaka. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kou wā paʻakikī, e hoʻāʻo ka ʻīlio e noho kokoke iā ʻoe a hoʻomaloʻo pinepine? Ma kēia ʻano, makemake ʻo ia e ʻōlelo: "Ua maopopo iaʻu he lā paʻakikī kāu, a makemake wau e kōkua." Inā hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i kēia, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pilina, no ka mea, ʻike ʻoe i ka pane ʻana i ke ʻano o ka naʻau o kēlā me kēia a kaʻana like i ka hauʻoli a me ke kaumaha - e like me ka ʻohana maoli.

Hoʻomaopopo anei nā ʻīlio iā mākou? Me ke kanalua ole. No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e kamaʻilio ai ʻoe me kāu pipi a ʻike ʻoe e hoʻolohe pono ana ʻo ia iā ʻoe, e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ʻo ia kou manaʻo. ʻAʻole maopopo i kāu ʻīlio i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo a ʻaʻole maopopo i kona ʻano kikoʻī, akā ʻoi aku kona ʻike iā ʻoe ma mua o kou manaʻo. Akā ʻo ka mea nui, hiki i kāu pipi ke hoʻomaopopo i kou aloha iā ia, no laila, mai manaʻo ʻoe he mea ʻole ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ia e pili ana i kāu aloha.