Canine Genetics: Nutrigenomics a me ka Mana o Epigenetics

E nīnau aku i ka mea nona ka ʻīlio pohihihi he aha nā ʻano hānau a lākou e manaʻo ai he hui pū kā lākou hoaaloha ʻehā wāwae, a e kaʻana like lākou i kā lākou kuhi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he pūnaewele ka International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) kahi e hiki ai i nā mea aloha ʻīlio ke hoʻāʻo i ko lākou ʻike no nā genetics holoholona a hoʻāʻo i ko lākou lima i ke koho ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻīlio. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ke kumu o kāu pipi a makemake paha ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino o kāu pipi, aia nā canine genetics nā pane i kāu mau nīnau.

Ka noiʻi DNA canine

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi palapala genetic o kāu ʻīlio, he aha kāu e aʻo ai mai ka DNA ʻīlio? ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, paʻakikī ka ʻepekema i ke aʻo ʻana i nā genetics ʻīlio a aʻo i nā ala hou e kōkua ai i kā mākou mau hoa huluhulu e lilo i mea olakino.

I kēia mau lā, hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻāʻo maʻalahi i ka DNA o kāu ʻīlio e ʻike ai i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i hana i kona ʻohana. ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia koho i ka hapa nui o nā kauka ma nā keʻena lapaʻau holoholona. Hoʻouna lākou i kā lākou mau laʻana i kahi lab e kiʻi i nā hopena. Aia kekahi mau pahu home hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana a e loiloi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e nā geneticists i loko o ka lab. Ke aʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā genetics ʻīlio e like me kā lākou aʻo ʻana i ka DNA kanaka: ma ke kau ʻana i kahi laʻana i lawe ʻia mai kahi swab ma hope o ka pāpālina o ka ʻīlio i loko o kahi mīkini e palapala ai i ke code genetic a nānā i nā hōʻailona telltale. Ma muli o ke keʻena hoʻāʻo genetic i hoʻohana ʻia e kāu kauka holoholona, ​​​​e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka makua makua o kāu ʻīlio a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻike olakino ʻē aʻe.

Genetics a me ke olakino

Hiki i nā genetics ke haʻi nui iā mākou e pili ana i kā mākou ʻīlio. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo kāu ʻīlio he ʻāpana Greyhound a ʻo Doberman kahi ʻāpana ʻo ka piko o ka hau hau. Hāʻawi ka genetic code iā mākou i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano pilikino, nā ʻano maʻi genetic, pehea ka nui o kāu ʻīlio e ulu ai, a inā paha e hoʻokahe ʻo ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻOiai ʻike mākou ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ke kumu, hiki i ka DNA o kahi ʻīlio ke wānana i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻīlio i kekahi mau pilikia olakino. Hiki i nā genetics ke hōʻike inā loaʻa i kahi ʻīlio nā hoʻololi genetic i hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi maʻi, a ʻo ia ʻike e hiki ai i nā mea mālama holoholona ke hana i nā hana pale e hōʻemi i nā pilikia. No ka laʻana, ʻo MDR1 kahi gene i loaʻa i kahi hoʻololi e hoʻololi i ka ʻīlio i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i nā ʻīlio me ka hoʻololi MDR1 ke loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Wahi a ka University of Washington Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kāu ʻīlio no ka MDR1 gene mutation hiki ke kōkua iā lākou e pale i kēia mau hopena ʻino.

Heredity a me kahi noho

ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka DNA o ka ʻīlio, ʻo ia ke noʻonoʻo ʻana iā ia ke kumu o ke kino o kāu ʻīlio, e hoʻoholo ana ʻaʻole wale ke ʻano kino akā ke ʻano hoʻi. Ma ka moʻolelo mōʻaukala, manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā genes i kuhikuhi i ka wā e hiki mai ana - inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona genetic no kahi maʻi, e loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia maʻi. Akā i kēia manawa ua ʻike mākou inā loaʻa i ka genotype kahi marker, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomohala ka ʻīlio i ka pathology i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ka DNA o ka ʻīlio i kona hopena. Wehewehe ʻo Discover magazine ʻo ke kumu o kēia he ʻupena o nā mea ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he epigenetics e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻano a me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes (huli a hoʻopau) me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ko lākou kino kino. Hoʻopili ʻo Epigenetics i nā mea hoʻoilina ʻelua e pili ana i ka hōʻike a me nā kumu kūlohelohe.

Ka mana o ka epigenetics

Ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kaiapuni e like me ke koʻikoʻi, nā maʻi, ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka hōʻike gene ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka microbiota o kāu pipi, nā microbes liʻiliʻi e noho ana i loko a ma luna ona, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka manaʻo ma mua a ke hoʻomaka nei e hoʻomaopopo ʻia. I loko o ke kanaka, pili paha kēia mau mea i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi Suedena ma ka European Journal of Human Genetics ʻo nā moʻopuna a nā kāne i ʻai nui i ka wā kamaliʻi e ulu aʻe ka maʻi diabetes a me ka maʻi puʻuwai ma muli o ka ʻai nui ʻana!

E like me nā kānaka, pili pono ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio a me ke kaiapuni me kāna DNA e hoʻololi i nā loli epigenetic maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. ʻOiai inā loaʻa i kāu ʻīlio ke genotype maikaʻi, nā mea e pili ana i ka epigenetics, e like me ke ʻano noho maʻamau a i ʻole ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kumu o kona olakino. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kāu ʻīlio e like me ke olakino hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pilikia i ʻike mua ʻia kāna ʻohana.

Nutrigenomics: meaʻai + genetics

He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ʻōlelo kahiko no mākou a no kā mākou mau holoholona: ʻo ʻoe ka mea āu e ʻai ai. ʻO ka meaʻai ka mea hoʻokele ikaika o ka hoʻololi epigenetic e pili ana i ka DNA o kāu ʻīlio. Hiki i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole a me nā meaʻai ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi gene, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kahi maʻi genetic. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka hopena o ka meaʻai i ka genome i ʻike ʻia he nutrigenomics. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻepekema o kēia wā ke hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi ʻano kupua no ke olakino maikaʻi, akā he palena hou kēia i ka lāʻau pale pale no kā mākou mau holoholona.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hopena maikaʻi i ke ola kino o ka ʻīlio? E hana maikaʻi i ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ʻana i nā mea epigenetic: hoʻemi i kona kaumaha, hoʻoikaika nui iā ia, a hānai i kāna meaʻai olakino. ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi meaʻai holoholona olakino olakino a noiʻi ʻia i noiʻi nui ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia he pono i ka biology o kāu ʻīlio he hana mua maikaʻi loa ia. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i kāna hoʻolālā hoʻoilina, akā hiki i kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi o nā genetics ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama i kāu ʻīlio hauʻoli a olakino.