ʻEleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo dairy ʻano o nā bipi: nā pono, nā hemahema a me ka huahana

I loko o nā mahiʻai Lūkini, ma waena o nā ʻano bipi, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā ʻano waiu e hāʻawi i nā hua waiū nui loa. I kēia mau lā, ua puka mai kekahi ʻano hoihoi, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, aia i kēia manawa ke kolu o ka wahi ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana ma hope o nā ʻano like me nā pipi ʻulaʻula a me Simmental. Hāpai ʻia ka ʻano ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo ma waena o Rūsia.

ʻO ke kumu o ka bipi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo

ʻO nā progenitors o ia mau bipi he mau ʻelele o nā ʻano Dutch a me East Frisian. Ua kōkua nā mea a pau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka XNUMXth a me XNUMXth mau kenekulia ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano hou ma Netherlands: kahi ʻano mālie, ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa, a me ka makemake o nā mea hana e hānai i nā pipi.

I ka wā mua, ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau holoholona e ka maʻalahi o nā maʻi like ʻole, nāwaliwali o ke kino, palupalu ke kino, ʻoiai ua hāʻawi lākou i ka nui o ka waiū. Eia naʻe, mahalo i ke kōkua o nā mea hānai, i ka makahiki iwakālua ua lilo lākou i ikaika, a ua hoʻonui pū ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi o kā lākou ʻiʻo.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele mua o nā bipi ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rūsia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 1917 i kekahi mau māla ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ma hope wale nō o XNUMX Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema Soviet i ka mana nui o ia mau bipi, no laila ua hoʻomaka lākou e lanakila koke i nā wahi ma nā mahiʻai a ka poʻe mahiʻai.

I ka makahiki 1959, ma ke noi a nā mea hānai Soviet, ua koho ʻia nā pipi ʻeleʻele ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻokoʻa.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka bipi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo

ʻO ka inoa o ka pua i loaʻa mai ke kala o nā bipi: ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili ʻeleʻele o ka holoholona me nā kiko keʻokeʻo i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻole ʻia o nā ʻano nui like ʻole.

Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano o ke kino ikaika o nā ʻelele dairy o ke kino oblong, he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe kēia ʻano:

• he poʻo lōʻihi me ka elongated muzzle, ʻeleʻele nā ​​pepeiaohao hina ma nā wēlau;
• ka lōʻihi waena, ka ʻāʻī ʻaʻole muscular i loko o nā pelu;
• ʻaʻole ākea ka pahu;
• ua pololei ke kua, me ka puhaka pololei a me ka sacrum ākea;
• paʻa nā lālā, ikaika, kūpaʻa;
• ʻōpū puʻupuʻu, ʻuʻu kīʻaha, ʻōpuʻu like ʻole, pili loa nā nipples hope.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo o kahi pipi waiu he 130-132 cm.

Ma muli o nā wahi noho, aia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano:

• ʻO nā bipi mai ke kikowaena waena o ka ʻāina i ʻike ʻia e ke kino nui. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka bipi makua he 550-650 kg, a he 900-1000 kg ka bipi, a ma kekahi mau meaʻoi aku. No laila, ma waho aʻe o ka waiū, hāʻawi kēia mau holoholona i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo.
• Nā holoholona Ural loaʻa kahi ʻano kumukānāwai maloʻo, ka hopena i ka nānā māmā a me ka lokahi.
• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā bipi mai Siberia ma mua o nā holoholona mai nā ʻāpana waena a ʻaʻole like ka paʻakikī e like me nā kānaka mai nā Urals. ʻO ka awelika kaumaha o kahi ʻelele makua he 500-560 kg.

ʻAno hoʻohua

ʻO ke kaumaha o nā bipi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo he 37 kg (heifers) a me 42 kg (calves) i ka hānau ʻana. Makemake lākou i ka ʻai, no laila i kēlā me kēia lā, kau lākou i ke kaumaha 600-800 g kēlā me kēia. Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki i nā bipi ke hoʻohui i hoʻokahi kilokani i kēlā me kēia lā. I nā mahina 15, ua ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o nā pēpē ma mua o 420 kg. Hiki i nā keiki nui ke kaumaha i 480 kg. Hiki i nā bipi ʻōpio ke ʻai nui a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou mau hoa o nā ʻiʻo ma ke kaupaona.

Ma waho o ka wahi noho, hiki i nā bipi ke kaumaha o 900 kg, a i kekahi manawa ma mua o hoʻokahi tona. He kaumaha loa ka bipi waiu makua a he 500-650 kg kona kaumaha.

He mea maikaʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ia hopena me ke kumu kūʻai ʻole o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā concentrates kūikawā. Kauwela ʻai nā holoholona ma nā wahi ʻai uliuli, i ka hoʻoilo, ʻai lākou i ka mauʻu a me nā mea hoʻohui succulent.

Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā bipi i nā hua waiū nui loa. ʻOkoʻa nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻāina i nā hōʻailona like ʻole o ka hua waiū. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻaʻole wale i ke aniau o ka wahi noho, akā, i nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana.

ʻO nā holoholona dairy o ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā mahiʻai hānai ma ke kikowaena waena o Rūsia e hana i ka 8000 kg o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka momona momona o kahi 3,7% a me kahi ʻano protein o 3,0 a 3,2%. ʻO nā pipi dairy mai ka'āina Siberian he mau helu maikaʻi nō hoʻi: loaʻa i nā mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe ka 8000 kg o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā naʻe, hiki i kona momona ka 3,9%, protein - 3%. Ma keʻano o ka hua o ka waiū, ua emi nā holoholona Ural i nā bipi mai ka Siberian a me ka waena waena, e hāʻawi ana i 2 kg o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka momona momona o 5500% a me kahi protein o 4%. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki i nā bipi ke hāʻawi i 3,47-3000 kg o ka waiū.

Pili kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i kekahi i kekahi. ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO ka momona o ka waiū e pili pono ana i ka nui o ka waiu., a ia mea, e pili ana i ka nuipa o ke ola kaumaha, e pili ana i ka nui o ka meaʻai i pau.

ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā bipi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo

ʻO nā bipi o kēia ʻano, ʻo ia nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa o ke kuhikuhi waiu, lawe mai i ka waiwai nui i ka poe mahiai mai ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā huahana waiū. Eia kekahi, nui ka poʻe mahiʻai e hilinaʻi nei i ko lākou hiki ke loaʻa koke ke kaumaha.

Eia kekahi, he mau pono ʻē aʻe kēia ʻano:

• Kou ola pono;
• ka hiki ke acclimatize wikiwiki i kahi kaiapuni hou;
• precocity haʻahaʻa me ka hiki ke kūkulu i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo ma o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai me ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui;
• ka waiū momona a me ka ʻiʻo wīwī.

Aia nā bipi a me nā hemahema. He mea ʻole lākou, akā ke hakakā nei ka poʻe mahiʻai me lākou. Penei ia:

• ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻano pua;
• ka hana ʻana i nā holoholona kiʻekiʻe a nui;
• ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hōʻailona nui o ka hua waiū;
• he hoʻonui i ka momona o ka waiū a me ka protein i loko.

Eia kekahi, pane ikaika nā bipi i kahi ʻano maikaʻi iā ia. Kōkua ka mālama maikaʻi iā ia e lilo i pipi e hāʻawi i nā hua waiū kiʻekiʻe. Inā mālamaʻole ka manaʻo iā ia, a laila,ʻaʻole e manaʻoʻia ka nui o ka waiū.

Panina

Nui ka makemake o ka poe mahiai i ka pipi eleele, nolaila hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai iā lākou ma kēlā me kēia wahi ko kakou aina. ʻAʻole pono e poina ka mea nona kēlā bipi he ʻano nui kēia e pono ai kahi lumi ākea, a me ka nui o ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika, ke kālā a me ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia i loko o ia mea pono e uku a lilo i waiwai maikaʻi.